RE: Snake venom preparation for drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus

Meenakshisundaram, Ramachandran; Uma, A.; Thirumalaikolundusubramanian, Ponniah

doi:10.4103/0256-4947.51791

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The response was a decreased viral load and elevated T CD4 + cell count. The authors suggest that this activity may be related to the presence of some snake venom molecules that are homologous to HIV-1 glycoprotein or proteases [51,52].…”

Section: Snake Venomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral activity of animal venom peptides and related compounds

Mata

Mourão

Rangel

et al. 2017

J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis

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Viruses exhibit rapid mutational capacity to trick and infect host cells, sometimes assisted through virus-coded peptides that counteract host cellular immune defense. Although a large number of compounds have been identified as inhibiting various viral infections and disease progression, it is urgent to achieve the discovery of more effective agents. Furthermore, proportionally to the great variety of diseases caused by viruses, very few viral vaccines are available, and not all are efficient. Thus, new antiviral substances obtained from natural products have been prospected, including those derived from venomous animals. Venoms are complex mixtures of hundreds of molecules, mostly peptides, that present a large array of biological activities and evolved to putatively target the biochemical machinery of different pathogens or host cellular structures. In addition, non-venomous compounds, such as some body fluids of invertebrate organisms, exhibit antiviral activity. This review provides a panorama of peptides described from animal venoms that present antiviral activity, thereby reinforcing them as important tools for the development of new therapeutic drugs.

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Section: Snake Venomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral activity of animal venom peptides and related compounds

Mata

Mourão

Rangel

et al. 2017

J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis

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“…The mechanisms of action of snake venom against HIV are mediated through various levels [9], such as structural homology, binding interference (receptor/enzyme), catalytic/inhibitory activity through enzymes, and induction/interaction at membrane level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pharmacological activities of snake venom are complex in nature with little known about them and it varies amongst the multitude of snake venoms. The mechanisms of action of snake venom against HIV are mediated through various levels [ 9 ], such as structural homology, binding interference (receptor/enzyme), catalytic/inhibitory activity through enzymes, and induction/interaction at membrane level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In HIV patients, the response after administration of snake venom preparation [ 7 , 8 ] was an increase in CD4 count and decrease in viral load. We have recently shown that the components of snake venom might enhance the activity of ART at different levels[ 9 ]. Interestingly, insect venom and human secretions also have anti-HIV activity [ 10 - 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypothesis of snake and insect venoms against Human Immunodeficiency Virus: a review

Meenakshisundaram

Shah

Thirumalaikolundusubramanian³

2009

AIDS Res Ther

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BackgroundSnake and insect venoms have been demonstrated to have beneficial effects in the treatment of certain diseases including drug resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We evaluated and hypothesized the probable mechanisms of venoms against HIV.MethodsPrevious literatures published over a period of 30 years (1979-2009) were searched using the key words snake venom, insect venom, mechanisms and HIV. Mechanisms were identified and discussed.Results & ConclusionWith reference to mechanisms of action, properties and components of snake venom such as sequence homology and enzymes (protease or L- amino acid oxidase) may have an effect on membrane protein and/or act against HIV at multiple levels or cells carrying HIV virus resulting in enhanced effect of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). This may cause a decrease in viral load and improvement in clinical as well as immunological status. Insect venom and human Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) have potential anti-viral activity through inhibition of virion entry into the cells. However, all these require further evaluation in order to establish its role against HIV as an independent one or as a supplement.

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RE: Snake venom preparation for drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Antiviral activity of animal venom peptides and related compounds

Antiviral activity of animal venom peptides and related compounds

Hypothesis of snake and insect venoms against Human Immunodeficiency Virus: a review

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