Re-thinking hegemonic masculinities in conflict-affected contexts

Myrttinen, Henri; Khattab, Lana; Naujoks, Jana

doi:10.1080/23337486.2016.1262658

Cited by 60 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As a result of these constructions and assumptions, and although agency is considered inherently masculine, male survivors who are perceived to have been robbed of their masculinity as a result of sexual violence (Myrttinen et al, 2016) are by association also seen as deprived of their agency. Throughout existing research, male survivors are thus commonly ‘cast through the dichotomy of victim and agency’ (Walker, 2010: 9) that obscures the complexities of their lived realities.…”

Section: Gendered Victimhood Vulnerabilities and Agencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, although wartime sexual violence against men occurs more frequently than is often assumed (Sivakumaran, 2007), little is known about its dynamics, and male survivors’ experiences remain of peripheral concern to academics and practitioners alike (Touquet and Gorris, 2016). Despite this prevailing marginalization of sexual violence against men, studies have begun to explore how socially constructed masculinities render men vulnerable to gender-based violence in the first place (Carpenter, 2006) and how sexual violence impacts upon male survivors’ gendered identities as men (Myrttinen et al, 2016; Schulz, 2018a; Touquet, 2018). If and when attention is paid to male-directed sexual abuse, however, most studies examine such crimes almost exclusively through the frame of vulnerabilities, portraying male survivors as passive, humiliated, and indefinitely stripped of their manhood (see Sivakumaran, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Navigating vulnerabilities and masculinities: How gendered contexts shape the agency of male sexual violence survivors

Touquet

Schulz

2020

Security Dialogue

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In dominant global conceptions of conflict-related sexual violence, the experiences of male survivors, if attended to at all, have thus far almost exclusively been analysed in terms of vulnerabilities. Drawing on empirical evidence from two different cases (Uganda and Croatia), in this article we argue that essentializing and static generalizations of ‘emasculation’ fail to do justice to the complexity of male survivors’ experiences. We show that, in the two cases we examine, male survivors exercise agency and find different ways of engaging with their harmful experiences. Survivors’ agency is shaped and conditioned by different opportunity structures, and thus largely dependent on local gender relations and constructions of masculinity. To build our argument, we take inspiration from feminist international relations scholarship highlighting the active roles of women and girls as agents within the context of armed conflict, extending such analysis to the experiences of male survivors of sexual violence. By systematically analysing the forms and conditions of the agency of male survivors of sexual violence, we offer a more holistic examination of the dynamics of wartime sexual violence, contributing conceptually and empirically to research both on local/civilian agency in wartime and on conflict-related sexual violence.

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Section: Gendered Victimhood Vulnerabilities and Agencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating vulnerabilities and masculinities: How gendered contexts shape the agency of male sexual violence survivors

Touquet

Schulz

2020

Security Dialogue

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“…Such narratives both serve to close down the moral space for dissent against the ‘war on terror’ (Shepherd, 2006: 26) and come together in such a way that ideas about gendered oppression and sexual violence become a ‘discourse of border control’ that defines the parameters of European nation-states, as well as ‘who is included and who excluded, culturally, racially, and legally’ (Ticktin, 2008: 864; see also Cloud, 2004; Grewal, 2003; Zalewski and Runyan, 2015: 452). Through these narratives of ‘masculinist protection’ (Young, 2003), not only is female agency erased but, also, ‘the notion of male vulnerability [becomes] essentially unimaginable’ (Myrttinen et al, 2017: 110, emphasis in original; see also Carpenter, 2006).…”

Section: Analytical Framework: Gender and Race As The Scaffold Of Colmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refugees as/at risk: The gendered and racialized underpinnings of securitization in British media narratives

Gray

Franck

2019

Security Dialogue

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It is well established in the literature that migration has become increasingly securitized. In this article, we examine the racialized and gendered grids of intelligibility that make securitizing moves possible in the migration context. Specifically, we argue that the securitization of migration during the so-called EU refugee crisis comes into being through intertwined and mutually dependent representations of racialized, masculinized threat and racialized, feminized vulnerability, which are woven into the scaffolding of colonial modernity. We construct our argument through an analysis of relevant newspaper articles published in British newspapers between September 2015 and March 2016. Accordingly, our discussion advances understandings of the dominant narratives through which the 'refugee crisis' has been understood. In addition, in highlighting the naturalized inequalities that underpin securitizing speech acts, the article also contributes to literature that seeks to add an improved understanding of power to securitization theory.

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“…Some of these may have an increased appeal, however, given an increased global focus on racialised masculinities and 'security risks' that potentially brown (Muslim) men entail for successful reconstruction of societies (Enria 2017, 241), or uses of simplified gender analysis to combat violent extremism, seem to offer (Ezekilov 2017). Association between masculinities and violence and conflict, using the concept of gender, is increasingly common; at the heart of such a notion is the reduction of gender roles and norms into a dichotomy of women as victims and men as perpetrators (Zarkov 2001(Zarkov , 2008MacKenzie 2012;Myrttinen et al 2016;Enria 2017). Constructs of Middle Eastern (Muslim) men, in particular, draw on the elements of patriarchy, dominance and violence (Inhorn 2012, 15), also common in gender policies of post-disaster and post-conflict reconstruction in which men are portrayed as 'policy problems' .…”

Section: The Many Faces Of Masculinitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, poor, uneducated men are depicted as oppressive, lazy and violent, and therefore in need of reform (Bedford 2007(Bedford , 2009Jauhola 2013). In fact, it is suggested that theorising on post-conflict masculinities has lacked in-depth understanding of variations, contextual specificities (Myrttinen et al 2016;Cornwall 2017, 35) and historicity, all of which challenge the analytical reliance on 'monolithic ethnographic presence' (Cornwall 2017, 35).…”

Section: The Many Faces Of Masculinitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scraps of Hope in Banda Aceh: Gendered Urban Politics in the Aceh Peace Process

Jauhola

2020

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This book and the accompanied video documentaries would have not been possible without the support of a number of people over the past eight years, some going way beyond that, all the way to early 2000s at the Peace Station in Helsinki and dialogue with Acehnese human rights defenders. First of all, I want to thank all those Acehnese who allowed the project team and me to enter your homes and lives-I have a deep gratitude of having gained insights that led research towards appreciating Ilmu Bodoh, subaltern theorising on peace. On behalf of all of us who have formed the Scraps of Hope team during these years, we sincerely hope that we can live up to your expectations of this journey. Any representational biases and mistakes are solely ours. I also want to thank all the Acehnese counterpart organisations and their staff members, directors, researchers, lecturers and, most importantly, administrative staff members facilitating the paper bureaucracy related to foreign researcher visits in Aceh between the years 2012 and 2018. These institutions are the International Centre for Aceh and Indian Ocean Studies (ICAIOS), the University of Malikussaleh (UNIMAL) and the Islamic State University Ar-Raniry (UIN). My special gratitude goes to the staff of the Embassy of Republic of Indonesia in Helsinki and in particular the Ambassador of Indonesia in Finland, H. E. Wiwiek Setyawati Firman, for facilitating the filming permissions for 2015, and taking part in the University of Helsinki Think Corner Talk-Poetry-Dance ZUBAIDAH DJOHAR: BUILDING A BOAT IN A PARADISE-FEMINIST LITERATURE THAT RESISTS FORGETTING xii Scraps of Hope in Banda Aceh evening in November 2017. The Scraps of Hope team, daring to dream of a media-embedded, peer-reviewed monograph already in 2015, we truly were ahead of the times! Thank you Seija Hirstiö, Ariyuki Suzuki, Päivi Nikkilä, and Riitta Koikkalainen and Jukka Turunen for being part of Scraps of Hope! My gratitude for all the hard work by Rahmat in Aceh for essential logistics and additional camerawork in recordings in December 2015. Evi Sugianty (ICAIOS) and Mifta Sugesti-your professionalism in going through interview and video recordings, providing transcripts, translations and detailed comments on the draft videos, has provided deepened perspectives to ethnographic moments that could otherwise go unnoticed. My sincere thanks to poet, trainer, researcher and friend Ibed, Zubaidah Djohar and a colleague at UNIMAL campus Nanda Amalia, and all her colleagues who invited me to their classes in 2012. A special thank you to the Creative Minority student group for initiating the creative writing workshops leading to Zubaidah Djohar's edited book Dalam Keriput Yang Tak Usang: Suara Pemuda Dan Jalan Panjang Perdamaian Aceh and similarly, all the voluntary effort that went into writing, editing and publishing the book Bisu yang Bersuara, collection of writings of female survivors of violence in the midst of peace in Aceh after the initial joint writing workshop organized in August 2018. Similarly, the whol...

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Re-thinking hegemonic masculinities in conflict-affected contexts

Cited by 60 publications

References 25 publications

Navigating vulnerabilities and masculinities: How gendered contexts shape the agency of male sexual violence survivors

Navigating vulnerabilities and masculinities: How gendered contexts shape the agency of male sexual violence survivors

Refugees as/at risk: The gendered and racialized underpinnings of securitization in British media narratives

Scraps of Hope in Banda Aceh: Gendered Urban Politics in the Aceh Peace Process

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