Re‐use of case–control data for analysis of new outcome variables

Reilly, Marie; Torrång, Anna; Klint, Åsa

doi:10.1002/sim.2398

Cited by 25 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A limitation of this study was the use of data from a case-control study not originally designed to address questions of frequency of tooth decay. We chose to account for the sampling design of the original study by performing a cross-sectional analysis of the controls only [22]. A naive analysis disregarding the sampling strategy that gave rise to the data would be prone to bias, through an over-representation of cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and Risk Indicators of Tooth Decay among Pregnant Women in France: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

et al. 2012

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IntroductionLittle is known on the prevalence of tooth decay among pregnant women. Better knowledge of tooth decay risk indicators during pregnancy could help to develop follow-up protocols for women at risk, along with better prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of tooth decay and the number of decayed teeth per woman in a large sample of pregnant women in France, and to study associated risk indicators.MethodsA secondary cross-sectional analysis of data from a French multicentre case-control study was performed. The sample was composed of 1094 at-term women of six maternity units. A dental examination was carried out within 2 to 4 days post-partum. Socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics were obtained through a standardised interview with the women. Medical characteristics were obtained from the women’s medical records. Risk indicators associated with tooth decay were identified using a negative binomial hurdle model.Results51.6% of the women had tooth decay. The mean number of decayed teeth among women having at least one was 3.1 (s.d. = 2.8). Having tooth decay was statistically associated with lower age (aOR = 1.58, 95%CI [1.03,2.45]), lower educational level (aOR = 1.53, 95%CI [1.06,2.23]) and dental plaque (aOR = 1.75, 95%CI [1.27,2.41]). The number of decayed teeth was associated with the same risk indicators and with non-French nationality and inadequate prenatal care.DiscussionThe frequency of tooth decay and the number of decayed teeth among pregnant women were high. Oral health promotion programmes must continue to inform women and care providers about the importance of dental care before, during and after pregnancy. Future research should also assess the effectiveness of public policies related to oral health in target populations of pregnant women facing challenging social or economic situations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and Risk Indicators of Tooth Decay among Pregnant Women in France: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

et al. 2012

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“…Because the participants of the 2 nested case-control studies were not a random sample of the WHI-OS population, ordinary regression models may introduce bias (22). To obtain estimates representative of the WHI-OS population, inverse probability weights were applied, including matching factors (age, race/ethnicity, date of blood draw), region (Northeast, South, Midwest, and West), and case status (fracture history) in the model for the weights (23,24). Unweighted and weighted distributions of participant characteristics enrolled in the case-control studies (n = 2419) were compared with the entire WHI-OS (n = 93,676) to evaluate the acceptability of the model for the weights.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Biomarker-Calibrated Protein Intake Is Not Associated with Impaired Renal Function in Postmenopausal Women,

Beasley

Aragaki

LaCroix

et al. 2011

The Journal of Nutrition

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With aging, renal function tends to decline, as evidenced by reduced glomerular filtration rate. High-protein intake may further stress the kidneys by causing sustained hyperfiltration. To investigate whether dietary protein is associated with impaired renal function, we used data from 2 nested case-control studies within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (n = 2419). We estimated protein intake using a FFQ and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from cystatin C. To account for the original study designs, inverse probability weights were applied. Self-reported energy and protein were calibrated using biomarkers of energy and protein intake. Associations between protein intake and renal function were estimated by weighted linear and logistic regression models. Average calibrated protein intake (mean ± SD) was 1.1 ± 0.2 g/(kg body weight·d).Twelve percent (n = 292) of women had impaired renal function. The odds of impaired renal function, defined as eGFR <60 mL/(min·1.73m(2)), was not associated with calibrated protein intake. When eGFR was modeled continuously, there was no association with calibrated protein when protein was expressed in absolute (g/d) or relative to energy (protein % energy/d), but protein relative to body weight [g/(kg body weight·d)] was associated with higher eGFR. There was no evidence for effect modification by age, BMI, or general health status. These data suggest higher protein intake is not associated with impaired renal function among postmenopausal women without a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease.

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“…As an alternative verification for correct prevalence adjustment, we performed binomial regression with sample weighting. 24 Receiver operating characteristics were tabulated to determine the area under the curve for both Monte Carlo simulations and sample weighting results.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal nociceptive mechanisms underlying chronic pelvic pain

Hellman

Patanwala

Pozolo

et al. 2015

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Objective To evaluate candidate mechanisms underlying the pelvic floor dysfunction in women with chronic pelvic pain and/or painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis. Notably, prior studies have not consistently controlled for potential confounding by psychological or anatomical factors. Study Design As part of a larger study on pelvic floor pain dysfunction and bladder pain sensitivity, we compared a measure of mechanical pain sensitivity, pressure pain thresholds, between women with pelvic pain and pain-free controls. We also assessed a novel pain measure using degree and duration of post-exam pain aftersensation, and conducted structural and functional assessments of the pelvic floor to account for any potential confounding. Phenotypic specificity of pelvic floor measures was assessed with receiver-operator characteristic curves adjusted for prevalence. Results A total of 23 women with chronic pelvic pain, 23 painful bladder syndrome, and 42 pain-free controls completed the study. Women with chronic pelvic pain or painful bladder syndrome exhibited enhanced pain sensitivity with lower pressure pain thresholds (1.18 [interquartile range: 0.87–1.41] kg/cm2) than pain-free participants (1.48 [1.11–1.76] kg/cm2; p<0.001) and prolonged pain aftersensation (3.5 [0–9] vs 0 [0–1] minutes; p< 0.001). Although genital hiatus (p<0.01) was wider in women with chronic pelvic pain there were no consistently observed group differences in pelvic floor anatomy, muscle tone or strength. The combination of pressure pain thresholds and aftersensation duration correlated with severity of pelvic floor tenderness (R2 =41–51, p’s< 0.01). Even after adjustment for prevalence, the combined metrics discriminated pain-free controls from women with chronic pelvic pain or painful bladder syndrome (area under the curve=0.87). Conclusion Both experimental assessment of pelvic floor pain thresholds and measurement of sustained pain are independently associated with pelvic pain phenotypes. These findings suggest systematic clinical assessment of the time course of provoked pain symptoms, which occurs over seconds for mechanical pain thresholds vs. minutes for aftersensation pain, would be helpful in identifying the fundamental mechanisms of pelvic floor pain. Longitudinal studies of therapies differentially targeting these discrete mechanisms are needed to confirm their clinical significance.

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Re‐use of case–control data for analysis of new outcome variables

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Frequency and Risk Indicators of Tooth Decay among Pregnant Women in France: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Frequency and Risk Indicators of Tooth Decay among Pregnant Women in France: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Higher Biomarker-Calibrated Protein Intake Is Not Associated with Impaired Renal Function in Postmenopausal Women,

Multimodal nociceptive mechanisms underlying chronic pelvic pain

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