Reaction kinetics of trioxane synthesis from formaldehyde catalyzed by sulfuric acid/ionic liquid

Xie, Hui; Lv, Li; Zhang, Tao; Tang, Shengwei

doi:10.1007/s11144-021-02016-6

Cited by 5 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The concentration of FA in the aqueous solution was quantitatively analyzed by a titration method of anhydrous sodium sulfate. 23 The relative error was less than 1%. Briefly, 50 mL of sodium sulfite solution (126 g/L) and three drops of thymolphthalein solution (Indicator, 1 g/L) were added into a conical flask of 250 mL.…”

Section: Chemicals and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The concentration of FA in the aqueous solution was quantitatively analyzed by a titration method of anhydrous sodium sulfate . The relative error was less than 1%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these oligomers are lumped as a single reactant of FA to study the reaction kinetics of eq . And the reaction kinetic model is shown in eq . ,,, In eq , k 1 and k 2 are the rate constants of the forward and reverse reactions, respectively. And they were fitted by the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method based on experimental data. H 2 normalO + H C H O ⇌ normalH normalO normalC normalH 2 O H normalH normalO normalC normalH 2 O H + normalH normalO normalC normalH 2 O H ⇌ H O false( normalC normalH 2 normalO false) 2 normalH + H 2 normalO normalH normalO ( C H 2 O ) n − 1 H + H O C H 2 normalO normalH ⇌ normalH normalO ( C H <...…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, they increased the TOX concentration in the distillate by 42% and reduced the FA concentration in the distillate by 47% with CF 3 SO 3 H as a catalyst and N-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate as an extractive distillation agent. 21 Tang's group 23 added 1ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bisulfate (0.5 mol/kg, [EMIm]-HSO 4 ) into the reaction solution as a promoter, and the equilibrium concentration of TOX in the reaction system was successfully increased from 0.224 to 0.263 mol/L. However, the studies described above almost focused on TOX concentration in the gas phase.…”

Section: H I Oomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of [EMIm]HSO 4 intensified the reaction of TOX synthesis from FA solution was also found. 23 The acidity and polarity of acidic ILs are also different due to the different number of sulfonic acid groups. 27,28 They showed good catalytic performance in different reactions.…”

Section: H I Oomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intensification Mechanism of Acidic Imidazole-Based Ionic Liquids on the Synthesis of 1,3,5-Trioxane Catalyzed by Sulfuric Acid

Yuan,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The production of 1,3,5-trioxane (TOX) from formaldehyde (FA) solution is seriously limited by the reaction equilibrium. 1-Propyl-3-methylimidazolium bisulfate ([PMIm]HSO 4 ), 1-(3-sulfonic acid)propyl-3-methylimidazolium bisulfate ([PSMIm]HSO 4 ), and 1,3bis(3-sulfonic acid)propyl imidazolium bisulfate ([PS 2 Im]HSO 4 ) were, respectively, used as cocatalysts of H 2 SO 4 to intensify the TOX synthesis from FA solution. The results show that the intensification performance of ILs on the TOX synthesis was according to the following order: [PS 2 Im]HSO 4 > [PSMIm]HSO 4 > [PMIm]HSO 4 . The yield of TOX was increased from 13.84 to 16.95% with the addition of 0.5 mol [PS 2 Im]HSO 4 per kilogram of FA solution. DFT calculation and MD simulation were conducted, and the activity of water was measured to clarify the intensification mechanism. The results illustrated that the water activity had a strong influence on the TOX yield. In the three ILs, [PS 2 Im]HSO 4 has the highest dipole moment and the largest overall charged surface areas. It can form the most stable H-bonds with H 2 O molecules, resulting in the biggest decrease in the activity of water, thereby showing the best performance to shift the reversible reaction of TOX synthesis to right forward. The result provides a guidance for the development of new catalysts for TOX synthesis.

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Section: Chemicals and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The concentration of FA in the aqueous solution was quantitatively analyzed by a titration method of anhydrous sodium sulfate . The relative error was less than 1%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%