Reaction mechanism of nanomedicine based on porphyrin skeleton and its application prospects

Porphyrin Cholesterol Conjugates for Enhanced Photodynamic Immunotherapy toward Lung Cancer

“…Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been widely utilized in the therapy of cancer including lung cancer because of its advantages, such as fast curative effect, low drug resistance, and less trauma. − Many highly effective photosensitizers being capable of inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been applied for PDT in clinics, such as Ce6, porphyrins, and indocyanine green (ICG). − Among them, porphyrin and its derivatives possess good biocompatibility and robust stability. , In addition, PDT has been shown to produce immunogenic cell death (ICD) in situ , releasing tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) and more damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signals, including high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), calreticulin (CRT), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), etc., which could further promote the maturation and recruitment of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), thereby triggering antitumor immune response. − In combination with ICIs, PDT not only kills tumor cells in situ but also reshapes the TIME by inducing ICD to enhance the effect of ICIs, which improves the efficiency of TSA presentation and promotes immune responses to attack cancer cells. − …”

“…13−16 Among them, porphyrin and its derivatives possess good biocompatibility and robust stability. 17,18 In addition, PDT has been shown to produce immunogenic cell death (ICD) in situ, releasing tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) and more damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signals, including high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), calreticulin (CRT), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), etc., which could further promote the maturation and recruitment of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), thereby triggering antitumor immune response. 19−21 In combination with ICIs, PDT not only kills tumor cells in situ but also reshapes the TIME by inducing ICD to enhance the effect of ICIs, which improves the efficiency of TSA presentation and promotes immune responses to attack cancer cells.…”

Photodynamic Antimicrobial Activity of a Novel 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-Ethylphenyl) Porphyrin against Clinically Important Bacteria

“…As bacteria are developing increasingly efficient mechanisms of antibiotic resistance [ 6 ], more effective and less toxic chemical agents urgently need to be developed. To this end, medicinal chemistry provides a plausible means of designing and preparing novel synthetic derivatives of different families of compounds; evaluating the biological properties of these derivatives; establishing the degree of efficacy of these derivatives at different research scales (in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo) against biological entities of interest, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, and cancer cells; establishing possible relationships between chemical structure and biological activity (QSAR analysis); and facilitating the development of novel drugs [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

“…The use of porphyrin derivatives in conjunction with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has been one of the most commonly used strategies in the search for bioactive agents. Promising results have led to the development of successful treatments in different areas of medicine [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Therapies based on light and laser sources are being used as alternative means of diagnosing and treating diseases [ 11 , 12 ].…”

“…Therapies based on light and laser sources are being used as alternative means of diagnosing and treating diseases [ 11 , 12 ]. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has proven to be an effective and highly selective treatment for diseases such as cancer, skin diseases, and various types of infection [ 10 , 13 , 14 ]. Compared to traditional antibacterial methods, PDT has been making procedures increasingly effective with fewer side effects, because it has been demonstrated that resistant cells do not form under repeated photosensitization [ 15 ].…”