No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

At present, metalloporphyrin compounds demonstrate three main uses as anticancer sensitizers: (1) photosensitizers, (2) photothermal conversion agents, and (3) ultrasound sensitizers. Developing efficient sensitizers for cancer with excellent controllability and biocompatibility is an important goal of oncology medicine. Because of the different structural diversity of anticancer sensitizers, such sensitizers are used for treating cancers by employing a variety of tumor treatment methods such as mature photodynamic therapy, commonly used clinically photothermal therapy and promising sonodynamic therapy. Among the many sensitizers, metalloporphyrin-complex sensitizers attract wide attention due to their excellent performance in tumor treatment and diagnosis. This review briefly describes some metalloporphyrin anticancer drugs and diagnostic agents related to photodynamic, photothermal and sonodynamic therapy, and discusses the roles of metal atoms in these drugs.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received increasing attention in cancer treatment because of its advantages such as minimally invasive and selective destruction. With the development of PDT, impressive progress has been made in the research of preparing photosensitizers, especially porphyrin photosensitizers. However, the limited tissue penetration and light energy capture efficiency of porphyrin photosensitizers have been the two major obstacles for conventional photosensitizers. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the tissue penetration and improve the light energy capture efficiency of porphyrin photosensitizers through structural modifications. In addition, indirect excitation of porphyrin photosensitizers using fluorescent donors (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) has been successfully used to address these issues. In this manuscript, we focus on how to enhance the photoenergy capture efficiency of porphyrin photosensitizers, aiming to improve the efficiency of singlet oxygen (1O2) production in tumor tissues and enhance the photodynamic therapy effect of photosensitizers.