Keywords: 5-(2-amino-4-arylthiazol-5-yl)-6-hydroxy-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-4(1H)-ones, 5-(2-amino-4-arylthiazol-5-yl)-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4-diones, 5-(2-aryl-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dimethylbarbituric and 5-(2-aryl-2-oxoethylidene)thiobarbituric acids, thioacetamide, thioureas, one-pot synthesis, cyclocondensation.It is well known that heterocyclization involving α,β-unsaturated ketones and thioureas is a convenient method of synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-thiones [1-3]. However an alternative direction is also mentioned in the literature for the interaction of α,β-unsaturated ketones with thioureas leading to the formation of a dihydrothiazine ring. Nucleophilic addition of mercapto group with subsequent cyclization is characteristic of cyclic unsaturated ketones [4,5], and also on using N-arylthioureas in the reaction [6,7]. N N Me O Me O N NH Ar O R O N N O Me O Me O N N Me Ar O Me 4 5 R = H, Ar