As the first step in establishing our proposed method, the
advanced Marfey's method, which is planned for the
simultaneous determination of the absolute configuration
of amino acids in a peptide, we applied Marfey's method
to commercially available amino acids, and the separation
behavior was examined in detail. Although good
resolution of the diastereomeric pair of an individual amino acid
was obtained for all amino acids tested and the
applicability of the method was confirmed, the (1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl)-5-l-alaninamide (FDAA) derivative of
the
l-amino acid was not always eluted prior to its
corresponding d-amino acid derivative. Because this
proposed
method relies on the elution order of a derivatized amino
acid with FDAA to determine its absolute configuration,
its separation mechanism was carefully investigated using
UV and NMR spectral techniques. The results suggested
that the resulting conformations of the l- and
d-amino acid
derivatives are stable and that the resolution between the
l- and d-amino acid derivatives is due to the
difference in
their hydrophobicity, which is derived from the cis- or
trans-type arrangement of two more hydrophobic substituents at both α-carbons of an amino acid and
l-alanine
amide, so that the FDAA derivative of the cis
(Z)-type
arrangement interacts more strongly with ODS silica gel
and has a longer retention time than that of the trans
(E)-type arrangement. Therefore, the l-amino acid
derivative
is usually eluted from the column before its corresponding
d-amino acid derivative in Marfey's method.
According
to this separation mechanism, the elution order of a
desired amino acid can be elucidated from the average
retention time of the l- and d-amino acid
derivatives, and
the dl-serine and -asparagine derivatives are critical
for
Marfey's method.