Reaction of carbon fiber sizing and its influence on the interphase region of composites

Wu, Qing; Li, Min; Gu, Yi; Wang, Shaokai; Wang, Xingxing; Zhang, Zuoguang

doi:10.1002/app.41917

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This demonstrates that the pronounced modification effects have occurred on the surface of CFs after sizing. The nitrogen on unsized fibers may derive from the incomplete carbonization of PAN‐based precursor . However, the nitrogen is not found on sized CFs, indicating that no nitric groups are present in sizing and this is consistent with the above FTIR analyses.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Meanwhile, the sizing performs as a uniform layer on the surface of CFs. It can absorb some stress, scatter external stress as well as change the propagation paths of crack when suffering external force . In this way, the sizing layer on the defective parts plays a role of inhibiting internal stress.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that the performance of CFREs composites is controlled by the properties of the fibre‐matrix interface. In our research, the interfacial adhesion of composites is been evaluated by ILSS measurements . A comparison of ILSS values of CFREs composites is displayed in Figure .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Improved interfacial adhesion in carbon fiber/epoxy composites through a waterborne epoxy resin sizing agent

Yuan

Zhu

Cai

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A series of self‐emulsified waterborne epoxy resin (WEP) emulsions were used as surface sizing for carbon fibers (CFs) to improve the interfacial adhesion between the CF and epoxy matrix. In this work, the hydrogenated bisphenol‐A epoxy resin (HBPAE) was modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG) with molecular weights of 400, 800, 1000, 1500, 2000, 4000, and 6000 g/mol. The properties of the WEP emulsion were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. The surface characteristics of sized CFs were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Afterwards, CF/EP composites were prepared and their fracture surface and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) were examined. The results indicated that PEG2000 modified HBPAE sizing had the optimum emulsion stability and film‐forming ability. Meanwhile, the results also demonstrated that a continuous and uniform sizing layer was formed on the surface of CFs and the surface sizing was excellent in improving the chemical activity of CFs. Compared with unsized CFs, the O1s/C1s composition ratio was observed to increase from 11.51% to 33.17% and the ILSS of CF/EP composites increased from 81.2 to 89.7 MPa, exhibiting better mechanical property than that of commercial Takemoto S64 sized CFs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44757.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved interfacial adhesion in carbon fiber/epoxy composites through a waterborne epoxy resin sizing agent

Yuan

Zhu

Cai

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…All fibers surfaces looked smooth and it suggested that there was no significant difference in the roughness. It may be correlated that the weight percentage of sizing agents was really low and the sizing layer was thin .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of preheat treatment on carbon fiber surface properties and fiber/PEEK interfacial behavior

Chen

Liu

et al. 2018

Polymer Composites

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In this work, the effect of preheat treatment on surface properties of carbon fiber (CF) and interfacial properties of CF‐reinforced polyether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) composites was investigated in detail. The sized T700SC CFs were preheated based on practical thermoplastic composites processing conditions. The obvious mass loss was obtained due to the sizing agent degradation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that the concentration of sizing agents and activated carbon atoms decreased apparently for preheated fibers. Preheat treatment had negligible effect on tensile strength. Transcrystallinity structures were observed at fiber/PEEK interfaces using polarizing microscope and they had similar transcrystallinity density before and after preheat treatment. The microbond test was performed to determine interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between fibers and PEEK matrix. The IFSS increased from 40.16 to 46.32 MPa by 15.34%, which was against the trend of activated carbon atoms. Furthermore, the mechanisms of interfacial adhesion enhancement were discussed. The sizing layer became weak interface region because of poor chemical bonding between sizing agents and PEEK. Removing sizing via preheat treatment could enhance the interfacial adhesion. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E1407–E1415, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…32,33 The strong bands at 1631 cm 21 were attributed to the C@O stretching vibrations on the surface of CF. 34 The strong bands at 1261 and 802 cm 21 were attributed to the CAOAC stretching vibrations in epoxy group, 35,36 and the strong bands at 1095 and 1022 cm 21 were assigned to the CAO stretching vibrations. [37][38][39] These indicated that there was epoxy sizing agent on CF.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of silver nanowires on carbon fiber to produce hybrid/waterborne polyurethane composites with improved electrical properties

Wang

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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One dimensional silver nanowires (AgNWs) were grown on carbon fiber (CF) by a facile polyol method. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), laser Raman spectrometer (Raman), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X ray diffraction instrument (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) were carried out to reveal the structure, morphology, and formation mechanism of the CF-AgNWs. It was found that AgNO 3 concentration of 1.5 mM, reaction temperature of 1608C, and reaction time of 120 min were appropriate conditions for growth of AgNWs on CF. Moreover, a mechanism was suggested that the cysteamine on CF acted as nucleation centers for growth of silver nanoparticles and then small sized silver nanoparticles reduced from silver nitrate were grown on CF via the silver bonding to sulfur. Through an Ostwald ripening process, small sized silver nanoparticles were grown into larger particles. With the assistance of polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP), these larger particles were directed to grow in a definite direction to form nanowires. It was found that the resistance of CFAgNWs was decreased to 19.5 X, compared with that of CF (102.6 X) with the same quality. Thus, the CF-AgNWs was added into waterborne polyurethane (WPU) to improve the electrical and dielectric properties of WPU. Results showed the WPU/CF-AgNWs composite presented a lower percolation threshold than WPU/CF composite. When the content was 2.5 wt %, the volume resistivity of the WPU/CF-AgNWs (1.90 3 10 4 X cm 21 ) was lower by approximately three orders of magnitude than that of WPU/CF (4.19 3 10 7 X cm 21 ). When the content was 2.5 wt %, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the WPU/CF-AgNWs were improved to 15.24 and 0.21, which were 34.5 and 40.8% higher than that of WPU/CF.

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Reaction of carbon fiber sizing and its influence on the interphase region of composites

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Improved interfacial adhesion in carbon fiber/epoxy composites through a waterborne epoxy resin sizing agent

Improved interfacial adhesion in carbon fiber/epoxy composites through a waterborne epoxy resin sizing agent

Effect of preheat treatment on carbon fiber surface properties and fiber/PEEK interfacial behavior

Growth of silver nanowires on carbon fiber to produce hybrid/waterborne polyurethane composites with improved electrical properties

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