Reaction of some rice cultivars to the white tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi,under field conditions in the Thrace region of Turkey

Abstract

Introduction White tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, is one of the most widespread nematodes causing economic yield losses in rice-growing areas. White tip nematode is a seed-borne ectoparasite of rice and it has been reported in the majority of the rice-growing countries of Africa; North, Central, and South America; Asia; Europe; and the Pacific. The yield losses caused by this nematode in rice show differences according to rice cultivar, growing year, temperature, cultural practices, and other variable factors. In infested fields, the average yield losses range from 10% to 30%; in fields where all plants have been attacked, yield losses of up to 70% for susceptible cultivars and 20% for resistant cultivars have been reported (Prot, 1992). Aphelenchoides besseyi is an important nematode pest of rice crops in Turkey. It was first reported in 1995 in the İpsala and Gönen districts of Edirne and Balıkesir provinces, respectively (Öztürk and Enneli, 1997). The yield losses have reached up to 57.9% for susceptible cultivar Halilbey in fields having 77% plants with white tips on the infected flag leaves (Tülek and Çobanoğlu, 2010). In several countries, control of this nematode has been achieved using nematode-resistant rice cultivars (Qu, 1985). Differences in susceptibility of rice cultivars to A. besseyi were previously reported in 1949 and appear to have become widespread since then; resistance (Bridge et al., 1990) or moderate resistance in rice cultivars has been observed in most rice-growing regions (Sivakumar, 1988). It has been reported that certain rice cultivars

Spatial distribution and risk area assessment of Aphelenchoides besseyi using geostatistical approaches in Giridih district of Jharkhand, India

“…Use of resistant variety is another eco-friendly management strategy against nematodes. For example, in Russia, resistance screening was conducted with 1,003 rice cultivar against RWTN in glasshouse and three were found to be immune, 10 highly resistant, 164 moderately resistant and rest were susceptible ( Popova and Subbotin, 1994 ; Tülek et al, 2015 ). However, no studies were conducted so far in India to identify rice cultivars resistant against RWTN, to our knowledge.…”

“…Since then this nematode has distributed across the entire rice growing areas of the country. An estimated yield loss of 30 to 70% due to RWTN infestation have been reported from different parts of the world (Tulek and Cobanoglu, 2010;Xie et al, 2019).…”

An emergent plant‐parasitic nematode in Brazil: Aphelenchoides besseyi. Current status and research perspectives

“…After the 1980s, damage in rice was dramatically reduced, especially due to the use of pathogen‐free seeds and resistant/tolerant rice cultivars (Tülek et al., 2015). Reports of damaged crops caused by Aphelenchoides spp.…”

“…besseyi isolated from forage seeds was able to cause GSFR on soybean(Dr Luciany Favoreto, Embrapa Soja, Londrina-Paraná, Brazil, personal communication, 10/11/2022). Therefore, the use of contaminated forage seeds by farmers could have contributed to A. besseyi dispersal.After the 1980s, damage in rice was dramatically reduced, especially due to the use of pathogen-free seeds and resistant/tolerant rice cultivars(Tülek et al, 2015). Reports of damaged crops caused by Aphelenchoides spp.…”

Complete genome sequencing of nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi, an economically important pest causing rice white-tip disease

“…Aphelenchoides besseyi is a seed-borne plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) that parasitizes rice (Oryza sativa), strawberry (Fragaria grandiflora), as well as other plants belonging to 35 genera (Duncan and Moens 2013). A. besseyi could cause severe rice yield losses of up to 70% in some cases (Lin et al 2005;Tulek and Cobanoglu 2010) and is considered as one of the major PPNs in world crop production (Jones et al 2013).…”