Reaction products of chlorine dioxide.

Stevens, Alan A.

doi:10.1289/ehp.8246101

Cited by 55 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) is considered as an alternative to chlorine for disinfection of drinking water and waste waters because it does not form chlorinated phenolic compounds 8. Chlorine dioxide is not only a disinfectant but a strong oxidant as well; it reacts with phenol without formation of chlorophenols 9, 10. Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supermolecular Chiral Mesogenic Tripedes

Belaissaoui¹,

Sáez²,

Cowling³

et al. 2012

Chemistry A European J

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A novel series of chiral liquid crystalline tripedes Glucoside and Mannoside derivatives G(n) and M(n) (n=1-3) have been synthesised. The inner cores consist of methyl α-D-Glucoside G or methyl α-D-Mannoside M, regioselectively functionalised at the less hindered position C6, with tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), hydroxyl or carboxylic acid moieties. The cores, which can acquire several flexible conformations, are attached to rod-like smectogenic-preferring cyanobiphenyl units, by means of a flexible hexanoyl spacer. These Glyco-Supermolecules exhibit chiral nematic (N*) and smectic A (SmA) phases. The combined effects of core chirality and functional groups on thermal and mesomorphic characteristics are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supermolecular Chiral Mesogenic Tripedes

Belaissaoui¹,

Sáez²,

Cowling³

et al. 2012

Chemistry A European J

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“…Chlorine, widely used for the disinfection of leafy green vegetables, is inactivated when in contact with organic materials, and it can form compounds with negative effects on human health (40). This has highlighted the need for alternatives; and disinfectants such as chlorine dioxide in the gaseous or liquid forms, peroxyacetic acid, acidic electrolyzed water, and other approaches have been proposed (27,31).…”

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confidence: 99%

Inactivation of Stressed Escherichia coli O157:H7 Cells on the Surfaces of Rocket Salad Leaves by Chlorine and Peroxyacetic Acid

Al‐Nabulsi

Osaili

Obaidat

et al. 2014

Journal of Food Protection

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Because Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been frequently associated with many foodborne outbreaks caused by consumption of leafy greens (lettuce, spinach, and celery), this study investigated the ability of deionized water, chlorine, and peroxyacetic acid to detach or inactivate stressed and unstressed cells of E. coli O157:H7 contaminating the surfaces of rocket salad leaves. E. coli O157:H7 cells stressed by acid, cold, starvation, or NaCl exposure, as well as unstressed cells, were inoculated on the surfaces of rocket salad leaves at 4°C. The effectiveness of two sanitizers (200 ppm of chlorine and 80 ppm of peroxyacetic acid) and deionized water for decontaminating the leaves treated with stressed and unstressed E. coli O157:H7 were evaluated during storage at 10 or 25°C for 0.5, 1, 3, and 7 days. It was found that washing with 80 ppm of peroxyacetic acid was more effective and reduced unstressed and stressed cells of E. coli O157:H7 by about 1 log CFU per leaf on the leaves. There was no apparent difference in the ability of stressed and unstressed cells to survive surface disinfection with the tested agents. Treatments to reduce viable E. coli O157:H7 cells on rocket leaves stored at 25°C were more effective than when used on those stored at 10°C. Washing with peroxyacetic acid or chlorine solution did not ensure the safety of rocket leaves, but such treatments could reduce the likelihood of water-mediated transfer of E. coli O157:H7 during washing and subsequent processing.

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“…ClO 2 is approximately ten times more soluble in water than chlorine. Unlike chlorine, ClO 2 does not appear to react with natural humic material to produce trihalo methanes and other harmful carcinogenic chemical by-products [24] . However, important considerations must be given to potential nonchlorinated by-products that may be formed through reaction with ClO 2 .…”

Section: Chemicals Destruction In Clo 2 /Uv Solution Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, important considerations must be given to potential nonchlorinated by-products that may be formed through reaction with ClO 2 . By-products that have been reported to be formed include aldehydes, quinones, acids, disulfides, sulfonic acids, oxalic acids, and epoxides [24] . The relative amounts of by-product species formed in a system may be a function of the type and concentration of humic material, and its macromolecular structure as well the amount of ClO 2 residual maintained in the system.Oxidant ClO 2 demand for sorbates degradation was determined based on recommended concentration of 3000 ppm solution and a typical dosing rate between 0.05-2 ppm.…”

Section: Chemicals Destruction In Clo 2 /Uv Solution Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A proposed general destruction equation: {ClO 2 + solution↔ ClO 2 (g) + CO 2 + solution + non-toxic oxidized species + salts} + UV UV enhances quantum vibration in molecules and thereby catalyzes their destruction by ClO 2(g) dissolved in solution as the active radical. As ClO 2 disproportionates in aqueous systems, both chlorite (ClO 2 -) and chlorate (ClO 3 -) anions have the potential to be formed as by-products to potentially decrease effectiveness of ClO 2(g) [24] . Chemicals destruction rate and % destroyed in the five minutes period represent achieved system effectiveness under the experimental conditions.…”

Section: Chemicals Destruction In Clo 2 /Uv Solution Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sorption of PAHs, PCBs, Phenols and BTEX Hydrocarbon by Groundwater Solid Media and Destruction in ClO2/UV Solution Systems

Saint‐Fort¹,

Bye²,

Internationals³

2015

JEHS

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Concern over the behavior and remediation of dissolved hydrophobic organic contaminants in groundwater at oil and gas facilities has led to this research investigation. In this study, sorption of PAHs, PCBs, Phenols, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene and xylenes (BTEX) hydrocarbon from groundwater onto a subsoil core sample was examined as well as their destruction in ClO 2 /UV solution systems whereby methanol was the carrier solvent. All sorbate-sorbent systems yielded the S-type isotherms indicating cooperative interactions among sorbed organic species. Sorption of the sorbates could be best represented mathematically by the Freundlich equation with 1/n values ranging from 0.4338 to 2.226. Empirical K f values ranged from 0.89 to 3.049. It is postulated that sorption of sorbates occurs through a combination of hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and hydrophobic interactions. Off site travel time for the sorbates ranged from 145 to 80,817 years. Destruction of solutes in UV/ClO 2 solution systems is believed to occur through UV quantum vibration enhancement in molecules and free radical processes. Under the most efficient treatment system, 76 to 98% of the chemicals of concern were destroyed. No dioxins or furans were formed as by-products in any of the treatment systems investigated.This highly effective ClO 2 /UV destructive method has the potential to be applied as a new risk management approach for remediating recalcitrant organic contaminants in impacted groundwater.

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Reaction products of chlorine dioxide.

Cited by 55 publications

References 16 publications

Supermolecular Chiral Mesogenic Tripedes

Supermolecular Chiral Mesogenic Tripedes

Inactivation of Stressed Escherichia coli O157:H7 Cells on the Surfaces of Rocket Salad Leaves by Chlorine and Peroxyacetic Acid

Sorption of PAHs, PCBs, Phenols and BTEX Hydrocarbon by Groundwater Solid Media and Destruction in ClO2/UV Solution Systems

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