Reactions of Negro Children Toward Negro and White Teachers

Lewis, Claudia; Biber, Barbara

doi:10.1080/00220973.1951.11010436

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Clark & Clark, 1947, 1950Greenwald & Oppenheim, 1968;Lewis & Biber, 1951;Morland, 1962Morland, , 1966. Similar to prior studies on African-American preferences, Hispanic children in this study preferred skin tones lighter than their own.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Early replications revealed that Caucasian children identified with their skin tone more often than African-American children (Goodman, 1952), whereas African-American children were more inclined to reject their own group's colouration and endorse greater preferences for lighter skin tones (Clark & Clark, 1947;Greenwald & Oppenheim, 1968;Lewis & Biber, 1951;Morland, 1962Morland, , 1966. This partiality towards Caucasian skin colouring and features has been linked to preferential treatment for White individuals and detrimental effects such as stigma and prejudice for minority persons throughout the United States' history (Davis, Daniels, & See, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

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Skin-tone preferences and self-representation in Hispanic children

Kaufman

Wiese

2012

Early Child Development and Care

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Skin-tone preferences and colourism within Hispanic children have been largely unexamined in the psychological literature. The objectives of the current study were to investigate Hispanic children's skin-tone preferences and the effect of assessor race and ethnicity on those preferences. To carry out the study, Clark and Clark's colouring task was revised and administered to a sample of 52 Hispanic children aged five to seven years. The sample was divided into three conditions, varying by assessor background (Caucasian, Hispanic and African-American). A pronounced preference for lighter skin tones was found among children in the sample, although this preference was moderated by the race and ethnicity of the assessors administering the task. Hispanic children appear to be susceptible to a pro-light skin bias and influence from assessor skin colour as young as five.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Skin-tone preferences and self-representation in Hispanic children

Kaufman

Wiese

2012

Early Child Development and Care

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“…The most revealing finding of the current study was that children showed no skin tone preference when shown a variety of skin tone cartoons and asked who they would pick as their "best friend." This discrepant finding might relate to the children having more choices because of the greater skin tone variations of the cartoon characters presented to them (i.e., white, light brown, medium brown, and black), as opposed to having to choose between a Black or a White doll as in previous studies (Clark & Clark, 1939;Davis, 2006;Greenwald & Oppenheim, 1968;Lewis & Biber, 1951;Morland, 1962Morland, , 1966 or it may relate to that measures were taken to control for demand characteristics. The hypothesis that more options may affect children's skin tone preferences was supported in the pre-post phase of the current study where children did demonstrate skin tone preferences, as previously reported in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Replication studies in the decades that followed revealed that White children identified with their skin tone more often than Black children (Goodman, 1952). In contrast, Black children were inclined to reject their own ethnic group and had greater preferences for White skin tone (Clark & Clark, 1947;Greenwald & Oppenheim, 1968;Lewis & Biber, 1951;Morland, 1962Morland, , 1966. Studies also revealed that Black children were persuaded by the majority norms, values, and pessimistic judgments about their racial or ethnic group (Clark, 1955;Stevenson & Stewart, 1958).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reexamination of Young Children's Racial Attitudes and Skin Tone Preferences

Jordan

Hernandez‐Reif

2009

Journal of Black Psychology

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This study continues the line of research on children's racial preferences that dates to Kenneth and Mamie Clark's classic research that revealed that Black children preferred White dolls and attributed more positive characteristics to White dolls than to Black dolls. In the current research, the authors examined Black and White preschool children's preferences for cartoon characters of different skin tones and whether their preferences shifted after listening to a moral story depicting a Black child as a hero. Findings are discussed in the context of how method of presentation may affect young children's responses and children's preferences in relation to race awareness and self-identification.

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“…However, once again when social class was considered there was some evidence that this factor was more important than race in determining pupils' attitudes towards teachers. In a relatively unsophisticated study by Lewis and Biber (1951) Negro children when given an opportunity expressed preference for white teachers; but those who had had a Negro teacher inclined towards choosing a Negro teacher.…”

Section: Social Perceptions and Attitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%