Reactive Oxygen Species, Photosynthesis, and Environment in the Regulation of Stomata

Abstract

The focus of future research should be drawn toward understanding the interplay between various signaling pathways and how ROS, redox, and hormonal balance changes in space and time. Translating this knowledge from model species to crop plants will help in the development of new drought-resistant crop species with high yields. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.

Resistance of native oak to recurrent drought conditions simulating predicted climatic changes in the Mediterranean region

“…Water deficit eventually leads to stomatal closure reducing leaf gas exchange, especially carbon uptake. In this way, the photosynthetic processes could be disturbed and reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be produced due to limited ability to dissipate light energy and the use of the water–water cycle, hence increasing the oxidative pressure inside the leaves (Chaves, Flexas, & Pinheiro, ; Ehonen, Yarmolinsky, Kollist, & Kangasjärvi, ). ROS can lead to cell death through damage to proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and/or DNA (Gill & Tuteja, ; Halliwell, ).…”

Effects of drought at different periods of wheat development on the leaf photosynthetic apparatus and productivity

“…ABA is synthesized in large quantities in the roots and aboveground organs of plants with a decrease in moisture supply (Boursiac et al, 2013;McAdam & Brodribb, 2018). A decrease in CO 2 input into the leaf due to stomata closure under drought inhibits Calvin cycle functioning, which reduces the use of primary products of photosynthesis -ATP and NADP•Н 2 and leads to the superreduction of ETC components (Ehonen et al, 2019). This induces the electrons from ETC to reduce molecular oxygen to its reactive species (ROS), primarily superoxide radical anions (Mehler reaction) (Neto et al, 2017).…”

“…Therefore, studies of key chloroplast antioxidant enzymes activity changes under the influence of drought are very relevant (Ehonen et al, 2019). Another protective mechanism that prevents the overreduction of ETC components under diminishing CO 2 fixation is photorespiration, the activation of which contributes to photosynthetic apparatus defense from photoinhibition (Stasik, 2014;Bai et al, 2017;Hanawa et al, 2017).…”

Effect of drought on photosynthetic apparatus, activity of antioxidant enzymes, and productivity of modern winter wheat varieties

“…Excessive hydrogen peroxide is also a rather dangerous ROS, but it is always present in a cell in a given amount, as it is a product of many biochemical reactions. It has now been proved that H 2 O 2 in the "physiological" concentration can act as a messenger in the cell signaling network, and a rapid increase in its content triggers a cascade of stressprotective reactions (Kolupaev & Karpets, 2014;Ehonen et al, 2018). In a photosynthetic cell, such an increase may occur, in particular, as a result of asynchronous changes in the SOD and APX activity under unstable environmental conditions, including the effects of such a stress factor as drought.…”

“…Therefore, the antioxidant defense systems are increasingly attracting the attention of researchers. These systems provide effective control of the ROS level in various compartments of plant cells and intercellular space, prevent the damaging effects of free radicals and stabilize the oxidative-reducing balance (Carmody et al, 2016;Caverzan et al, 2016;Ehonen et al, 2018). Especially important is the information on genotypic and in particular intraspecific variability of the functioning of this important part of plants' stress resistance under drought conditions (Singh et al, 2012;Valifard et al, 2012).…”