Reactive Oxygen Species‐Regulating Strategies Based on Nanomaterials for Disease Treatment

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in physiological and pathological processes. Studies on the regulation of ROS for disease treatments have caused wide concern, mainly involving the topics in ROS‐regulating therapy such as antioxidant therapy triggered by ROS scavengers and ROS‐induced toxic therapy mediated by ROS‐elevation agents. Benefiting from the remarkable advances of nanotechnology, a large number of nanomaterials with the ROS‐regulating ability are developed to seek new and effective ROS‐related nanotherapeutic modalities or nanomedicines. Although considerable achievements have been made in ROS‐based nanomedicines for disease treatments, some fundamental but key questions such as the rational design principle for ROS‐related nanomaterials are held in low regard. Here, the design principle can serve as the initial framework for scientists and technicians to design and optimize the ROS‐regulating nanomedicines, thereby minimizing the gap of nanomedicines for biomedical application during the design stage. Herein, an overview of the current progress of ROS‐associated nanomedicines in disease treatments is summarized. And then, by particularly addressing these known strategies in ROS‐associated therapy, several fundamental and key principles for the design of ROS‐associated nanomedicines are presented. Finally, future perspectives are also discussed in depth for the development of ROS‐associated nanomedicines.

A Comparative Study of Cytotoxicity of PPG and PEG Surface-Modified 2-D Ti3C2 MXene Flakes on Human Cancer Cells and Their Photothermal Response

“…MXene exerts its biological activity on living cells by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This property makes MXenes exhibit anticancer potential due to the already increased baseline amount of reactive oxygen species within cancer cells, owing to increased anabolic and catabolic reactions [27]. ROS plays a key role in cell metabolism and survival, as well as in the cytotoxicity mechanisms of various classes of carbon-based nanomaterials [12].…”

Reactive-oxygen-species-scavenging nanomaterials for resolving inflammation

“…Fullerene (C 60 ) is a form of crystalline carbon with radical scavenging abilities attributed to its conjugated double bonds with good electron affinity, which makes it an excellent electron acceptor. The C 60 can capture ROS by accepting their unpaired electron [ [74] , [75] , [76] ]. Studies have shown that both superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were immobilized on the fullerene surface [ 77 ] ( Fig.…”

A Simple Route to the Complexation of Lutein with Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocarriers and Antioxidant Protection Against Blue Light

“…The optimal ratio in the reduction process was adopted from the previous reports. 9,50 Initially, a stock solution of GO (1 mL, C = 1 mg mL −1 ) was diluted with DI water (9 mL), and the lutein solution (20 µL of 2-mM in DI water) was thoroughly mixed. The pH was maintained within 9-10 by adding NaOH (1 mL of 1-M), and then the prepared solution was stirred at 95°C at 500 rpm.…”

“…8 Additionally, carotenoids have been reported to decrease several reactive oxygen species (ROS). 9 Therefore, carotenoids present in lutein could be involved in antioxidant activities occurring in the human body.…”