Reactivity Comparison of Exhaust Emissions from Heavy-Duty Engines Operating on Gasoline, Diesel, and Alternative Fuels

Newkirk, Matthew S.; Bass, Edward

doi:10.4271/952442

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A large research work has been done on the alternative fuels; examples are the work by Amphlett et al (1995), Howes and Rideout (1995), Crawford and Wallace (1995), Newkirk andBass (1995), andKelly et al (1996). Kelly et al (1996) have performed FTP emission testing of flexible fuel methanol vehicle.…”

Section: Lean-burn Engine Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the emissions from internal‐combustion engines: a review

Abdel‐Rahman

1998

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYThe urban air pollution is a very complicated problem. The exhaust emissions from internal-combustion engines account for a major portion of this problem. It is realized that the content and concentrations of the exhaust emissions depend on various parameters. These parameters include engine design parameters, operational parameters, exhaust gas aftertreatment, fuel types, fuel additives and lubricants. The present review paper discusses the effect of some parameters on the emission level and characteristics from internal-combustion engines. The paper begins with an introduction of general information on the nature of emissions of exhaust gases, including the toxicity and causes of emissions for both spark-ignition and diesel engines. The paper then shifts to an up-to-date information of the published research work on the subject matter.1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Lean-burn Engine Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the emissions from internal‐combustion engines: a review

Abdel‐Rahman

1998

Int. J. Energy Res.

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“…The choice to switch to CNG has become strategic [5]. In recent years there has been increasing interest in the use of gaseous fuels in spark ignition engines for light and heavy vehicles [1][2][3][4][5] because the regulations on gas emissions are becoming increasingly stringent on pollutants (CO 2 , NOx, HC and CO) [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Industrial engines and those of transportation are an important source of greenhouse gas emissions (CO 2 ) and pollutants (HC, NOx and CO) [7]. In many countries, one of the short-term responses to anti-pollution laws would be the use of CNG (Compressed Natural Gas Fuel) or LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) as fuel [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of combustion characteristics and emissions in a spark ignition engine fuelled with gas in lean operation

Boulahlib

Medaerts

Boukhalfa

2010

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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This paper proposes an experimental study on the performance and emissions in the lean operation (Ф=0.6-0.7) of a six-cylinder spark ignition engine fuelled with natural gas, pure methane and a mixture of hydrogen in methane (85 CH 4 , 15%H 2 by volume). Each fuel has been investigated at 1500 rpm and for various load conditions. Emissions, exhaust gas temperature and pressure cylinder were measured. The objective of the study is to determine how the load and equivalence ratio affect engine characteristics operating with natural gas and the hydrogen-methane mixture. The results show that the hydrogen addition increased HC and NO emissions, as well as the performance and cylinder pressure, but reduced the NOx, exhaust gas temperature and the CO and CO 2 emissions.

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“…Tedlar sample bags appeared to be the most popular media for collection of volatile phase hydrocarbons from diesel exhaust ( Black and High, 1979;Bailey et al, 1992;Newkirk et al, 1995;Gautam et al, 1994;Gupta, 1996).…”

Section: Sampling Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of particulate matter and hydrocarbon emissions from in-use heavy-duty diesel engines

Bugarski¹

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A continued increase in the use of diesel engines in light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles, and the uncertainties about the effects of their emissions on human health have focused attention on risk assessments of diesel engine exhaust. The characterization of diesel particulate matter (PM) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from in-use heavy-duty diesel engines and vehicles is the primary objective toward assessing potential health hazard with exposure to the diesel exhaust. The nature of particulate matter emissions from diesel engines is dependent on the engine type, engine conditions, fuel type, exhaust after-treatment process and other parameters. The results are also strongly dependent on the applied measurement technique. The effects of those parameters on the size-resolved DPM emissions were explored in detail. The study on sizeresolved chemical analysis of DPM from diesel engines and in-use heavy-duty diesel vehicles was performed with the goal of obtaining profiles of major DPM constituents. In addition, diesel exhaust was speciated with the purpose of establishing qualitative and quantitative hydrocarbon profiles of diesel exhaust from heavyduty diesel engine/vehicles, and calculating its ozone forming potential. The effects of engine/vehicle operating conditions, fuel type, different after-treatment processes, and measurement process on the size-resolved PM emissions were examined by operating the test engines and vehicles under steady-state and transient conditions. The regional deposition of DPM in the human respiratory tract was assessed, for several cases, by applying a semi-empirical model developed by Köbritch et al. (1994) to the PM size distribution and concentration profiles that were generated in this study. The results of this analysis showed that lower PM mass emissions do not necessarily correspond to lower number count emissions and a reduced health hazard. In fact, the fractional deposition efficiency of DPM, on a count basis was higher in the case of using "cleaner" fuels than Federal diesel no. 2. The chemical analyses yielded distribution profiles of the major DPM constituents that were detected in the exhaust for selected steady-state and transient conditions. The sulfate, chloride, ammonium, potassium, sulfur and silicon distribution profiles were determined for range of engine operating conditions. Carbon analysis showed that organic carbon was the major constituent of the particulate matter collected on the MOUDI after-filters (cut-off diameter less that 56 nm) regardless of the engine operating conditions. Elemental carbon was the dominant constituent of the DPM collected on the stages VII through X, accounting for nearly 86.5 % of total carbon detected. The analyses indicate that sulfate and organic carbon were the major constituents of nanoparticles. The samples for study on hydrocarbon speciation were collected using custom designed sampling system. The system was used to collect particle bound HC on a pre-washed 70 mm Teflon coated glass fiber filters, semi-volatile HC on a PUF/XAD-...

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Reactivity Comparison of Exhaust Emissions from Heavy-Duty Engines Operating on Gasoline, Diesel, and Alternative Fuels

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

On the emissions from internal‐combustion engines: a review

On the emissions from internal‐combustion engines: a review

Experimental investigation of combustion characteristics and emissions in a spark ignition engine fuelled with gas in lean operation

Characterization of particulate matter and hydrocarbon emissions from in-use heavy-duty diesel engines

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