Reading with multiple preferred retinal loci: implications for training a more efficient reading strategy

Déruaz, Anouk; Whatham, Andrew; Mermoud, Christophe; Safran, Avinoam B.

doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(02)00354-1

Cited by 95 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This finding may explain why reports on efficacy of eccentric-viewing training for reading are inconclusive and often contradictory. The retinal textmapping methodology may also demonstrate whether a subject has "multiple" tPRLs [7][8]. We did not find examples of multiple tPRLs in our study, but the simulations indicate that if a subject were to use multiple tPRLs our text-mapping methodology would demonstrate them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Retinal locus for scanning text

Timberlake¹,

Sharma²,

Grose³

et al. 2006

JRRD

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Abstract-A method of mapping the retinal location of text during reading is described in which text position is plotted cumulatively on scanning laser ophthalmoscope retinal images. Retinal locations that contain text most often are the brightest in the cumulative plot, and locations that contain text least often are the darkest. In this way, the retinal area that most often contains text is determined. Text maps were plotted for eight control subjects without vision loss and eight subjects with central scotomas from macular degeneration. Control subjects' text maps showed that the fovea contained text most often. Text maps of five of the subjects with scotomas showed that they used the same peripheral retinal area to scan text and fixate. Text maps of the other three subjects with scotomas showed that they used separate areas to scan text and fixate. Retinal text maps may help evaluate rehabilitative strategies for training individuals with central scotomas to use a particular retinal area to scan text.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Retinal locus for scanning text

Timberlake¹,

Sharma²,

Grose³

et al. 2006

JRRD

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“…Guez et al also found that among their 24 patients, four had different PRLs depending on the size of the fixation target. Déruaz et al (2002) noted that patients could use multiple PRLs during reading for better performance. Déruaz et al made SLO recordings on five patients with central scotomata while the patients were reading words of different lengths and different character sizes.…”

Section: Multiple Prlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sample size Summary findings Déruaz et al (2002) 5 patients Mean diameter = 11 deg Guez et al (1993) 24 patients (40 eyes) Mean diameter = 10.3 deg Hassan et al (2002) 21 patients Mean diameter = 14.8 deg Schuchard et al (1999) 255 …”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and cortical adaptations to central vision loss

2005

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), affecting the retina, afflicts one out of ten people aged 80 years or older in the United States. AMD often results in vision loss to the central 15-20 deg of the visual field (i.e. central scotoma), and frequently afflicts both eyes. In most cases, when the central scotoma includes the fovea, patients will adopt an eccentric preferred retinal locus (PRL) for fixation. The onset of a central scotoma results in the absence of retinal inputs to corresponding regions of retinotopically mapped visual cortex. Animal studies have shown evidence for reorganization in adult mammals for such cortical areas following experimentally induced central scotomata. However, it is still unknown whether reorganization occurs in primary visual cortex (V1) of AMD patients. Nor is it known whether the adoption of a PRL corresponds to changes to the retinotopic mapping of V1. Two recent advances hold out the promise for addressing these issues and for contributing to the rehabilitation of AMD patients: improved methods for assessing visual function across the fields of AMD patients using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope, and the advent of brain-imaging methods for studying retinotopic mapping in humans. For the most part, specialists in these two areas come from different disciplines and communities, with few opportunities to interact. The purpose of this review is to summarize key findings on both the clinical and neuroscience issues related to questions about visual adaptation in AMD patients.

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“…Deruaz et al 5 determined that subjects use a combination of PRL types during reading by changing the character size and passage length and projecting a number of sentences (paragraphed) onto the retinal surface. Specifically, the subjects employ two types of PRL when reading, a global-viewing PRL, by which they take in an entire passage at once in the visual field, and a spatial-discrimination PRL, by which a discrimination function is employed to determine those parts of the passage that are hidden by the scotoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%