Real time bolt preload monitoring using piezoceramic transducers and time reversal technique—a numerical study with experimental verification

Parvasi, Seyed Mohammad; Ho, Siu Chun Michael; Kong, Qingzhao; Mousavi, Reza; Song, Gangbing

doi:10.1088/0964-1726/25/8/085015

Cited by 83 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, this method will cause damage to the anchoring system. The method is also not suitable for large-scale detection and can't be fully reflected [4][5][6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bolt Detection Signal Analysis Method Based on ICEEMD

Guo

Zhang

Xie

et al. 2018

Shock and Vibration

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The construction quality of the bolt is directly related to the safety of the project, and as such, it must be tested. In this paper, the improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition (ICEEMD) method is introduced to the bolt detection signal analysis. The ICEEMD is used in order to decompose the anchor detection signal according to the approximate entropy of each intrinsic mode function (IMF). The noise of the IMFs is eliminated by the wavelet soft threshold de-noising technique. Based on the approximate entropy, and the wavelet de-noising principle, the ICEEMD-De anchor signal analysis method is proposed. From the analysis of the vibration analog signal, as well as the bolt detection signal, the result shows that the ICEEMD-De method is capable of correctly separating the different IMFs under noisy conditions, and also that the IMF can effectively identify the reflection signal of the end of the bolt.

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“…However, this method will cause damage to the anchoring system. The method is also not suitable for large-scale detection and can't be fully reflected [4][5][6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bolt Detection Signal Analysis Method Based on ICEEMD

Guo

Zhang

Xie

et al. 2018

Shock and Vibration

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“…For a bolt‐jointed structure shown in Figure , as bolt preload increases, the energy of the reconstructed signal obtained by the TR method increases. Hence, the amplitude peaks reconstructed signal obtained from unhealthy states can be normalized by that from healthy state to estimate bolt preload . However, this method depends on the baseline obtained from the healthy state.…”

Section: Tr Guided Waves For Bolt Preload Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Parvasi et al extended the TR guided wave method to bolt preload monitoring. The guided wave transmitted through bolted joint was refocused, and the amplitude peak of the refocused wave packet was normalized by the baseline obtained from healthy state to establish a tightness index.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bolt preload monitoring method based on the refocusing capability of virtual time reversal

Zhang

2019

Struct Control Health Monit

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Bolted joints are widely used in aerospace and civil structures. Nevertheless, bolts may easily lose preload because of inappropriate initial preloads or time-varying servicing loads. Hence, bolt loosening monitoring is important for ensuring the safety and reliability of the bolt-jointed structures. In this paper, a guided wave method based on virtual time reversal (VTR) and tightness index representing refocusing capability is developed for bolt preload monitoring and to mitigate the requirement of baseline. In VTR, a response signal acquired from the bolted structure in fully tightened condition is reversed and used as the excitation signal for the bolted structure in loosening states. On this basis, the ratio of the energy of the refocused wave packet in final received wave signal to the energy of the entire signal is defined as tightness index (TI E ). In this way, the calculation of TI E does not need to compare with baseline acquired in fully tightened condition. The effects of roughness of contact surfaces on guided wave propagation and the refocusing capability are analyzed by a 2D FE model. The proposed method is also experimentally validated by bolt-jointed structures with single and multiple bolts. The experimental results show that TI E increased almost linearly with the decease of bolt preload and is effective at the early stage of bolt loosening. In addition, the effect of temperature on preload detection accuracy is weak. Furthermore, it is important to select a right frequency to ensure that the TI E is sensitive throughout the entire bolt torque range.

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“…This technology should exhibit the following major attributes: accuracy, low cost, simplicity, and effectiveness. However, insofar no technology has been able to satisfy all of the above-mentioned requirements [24,25]. Furthermore, most of the works have focused on monitoring the structural integrity of the bolted joints during machine operation after a tightening step such as monitoring the fatigue crack of the joints and detecting contact status between the clamped parts, although up to 90% of the failures originate from an inappropriate preload application in the initial tightening process [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple, Reusable and Low-Cost LVDT-Based in Situ Bolt Preload Monitoring System during Fastening for a Truck Wheel Assembly

Jang

Nam

Lee

et al. 2019

Metals

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The aim of this study is to design and test a new, simple, and reusable linear variable differential transformer (LVDT)-based in situ bolt preload monitoring system (L-PMS) during fastening of a truck wheel assembly. Instead of measuring the elongation of a bolt, the distance between the end surfaces of both the bolt and nut was monitored via the L-PMS. The distance obtained from the L-PMS was experimentally correlated with the actual preload measured by a washer-type load cell. Since the variation of the distance is related to the stiffness of the bolt and clamped parts, a finite element analysis was also conducted to predict the sensitivity of L-PMS. There was a strong linear relationship between the distance and bolt preload after the bolt and nut were fully snugged. However, a logarithm-shaped nonlinear relationship was irregularly observed before getting snugged, making it difficult to define a clear relationship. In order to tackle this issue, an arc-shaped conductive line was screen-printed onto the surface of the clamped parts using a conductive carbon paste. The results show that a resistance variation of the conductive line during fastening enables to determine the snug point, so the L-PMS combined with resistance measurement results in an approximately ±6% error in the measurement of bolt preload. The proposed L-PMS offers a simple but highly reliable way for measuring bolt preload during fastening, which could be utilized in a heavy-truck production line.

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Real time bolt preload monitoring using piezoceramic transducers and time reversal technique—a numerical study with experimental verification

Cited by 83 publications

References 15 publications

Bolt Detection Signal Analysis Method Based on ICEEMD

Bolt Detection Signal Analysis Method Based on ICEEMD

A bolt preload monitoring method based on the refocusing capability of virtual time reversal

A Simple, Reusable and Low-Cost LVDT-Based in Situ Bolt Preload Monitoring System during Fastening for a Truck Wheel Assembly

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