Real-Time Charging Strategies for an Electric Vehicle Aggregator to Provide Ancillary Services

Wenzel, George; Negrete-Pincetic, Matías; Olivares, Daniel; MacDonald, Jason; Callaway, Duncan S.

doi:10.1109/tsg.2017.2681961

Cited by 123 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, by forming a general integrator model of storage, we are able to apply our analysis across a wide range of device types that have previously been considered within the paradigm of demand response [25]. These include EVs [26], [27], home storage devices [28], [29] and diesel generators [30], [31]. It should be noted that a comparable policy to that which we propose, applied to a continuum of devices, is also relevant in price-determined settings [32] and enables the coordination of devices within areas of flat prices.…”

Section: A Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Graphical Measure of Aggregate Flexibility for Energy-Constrained Distributed Resources

Evans

Tindemans

Angeli

2020

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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We consider the problem of dispatching a fleet of heterogeneous energy storage units to provide grid support. Under the restriction that recharging is not possible during the time frame of interest, we develop an aggregate measure of fleet flexibility with an intuitive graphical interpretation. This analytical expression summarises the full set of demand traces that the fleet can satisfy, and can be used for immediate and straightforward determination of the feasibility of any service request. This representation therefore facilitates a wide range of capability assessments, such as flexibility comparisons between fleets or the determination of a fleet's ability to deliver ancillary services. Examples are shown of applications to fleet flexibility comparisons, signal feasibility assessment and the optimisation of ancillary service provision. NOMENCLATURE nTotal number of devices D i ith device N Set of all devices e i (t)Energy of the ith device at time t u i (t)Power output of the ith device at time t u(t) Vector of power outputs at time t, across all devices p i Maximum power rating of the ith devicē pVector of maximum power ratings, across all devices P Diagonal matrix of maximum power ratings, across all devices UpProduct set of power constraints, with vector of maximum powersp x i (t), z i (t) Time-to-go of the ith device at time t x(t), z(t) Vector of time-to-go values at time t, across all devices X State-space X(t) ). This work was supported by EPSRC studentship 1688672. P r (t)Reference at time t P r [t0,t)

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Section: A Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Graphical Measure of Aggregate Flexibility for Energy-Constrained Distributed Resources

Evans

Tindemans

Angeli

2020

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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“…Most literature focuses on the services that EVs can provide for the transmission system operators (TSOs), usually called ancillary services. Frequency regulation, for instance, a service required by TSOs, has been widely addressed in the literature [11]- [16]. However, since the concept of services provided by EVs for DSOs is a new paradigm, most of the studies that have investigated distribution system services provided by EVs (EV-DSS) remain in theoretical applications.…”

Section: Distribution System Services Provided By Electric Vehicles: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution System Services Provided by Electric Vehicles: Recent Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Arias

Hashemi

Andersen

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst.

126

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Trend-setting countries have promoted or even employed an increased number of electric vehicles (EVs) and other distributed energy resources (DERs) in their power systems. This development has triggered new and increasing challenges in the distribution system planning and operation, whereby distribution systems must adapt to the increased share of DERs. However, EVs may also offer new opportunities and can be used to support the grid by providing several local and global powerand energy-based services. This paper presents a review and classification of the services potentially available from EVs for distribution systems, referred to as EV distribution system services (EV-DSS). A detailed description of recent services and approaches is given, and an assessment of the maturity of EV-DSS is provided. Moreover, challenges and prospects for future research are identified, considering key topics, such as the design of the market framework, economic assessment, battery degradation, and the impacts of the transmission system operator service provision by EVs on distribution networks. Thus, this work offers a tool for stakeholders concerning services available from EVs and provides a broad literature framework that can be used as a base for further investigations. It is aligned with the current requirements to move toward realistic implementations of EV-DSS.

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“…We choose as our fleet 4 devices of the following ratings (energy, power): (8 kWh, 2 kW), (12 kWh, 4 kW), (6 kWh, 3 kW) and (7 kWh, 7 kW). We then determine the shortfall when this fleet is requested to provide a 4 h profile consisting of [4,18,12,1] kW for 1 h each. Table I presents a step-by-step breakdown of the state of charge and power delivered by each device.…”

Section: A Simple Demonstration Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing Unserved Energy Using Heterogeneous Storage Units

Evans

Tindemans

Angeli

2019

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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This paper considers the optimal dispatch of energyconstrained heterogeneous storage units to maximise security of supply. A policy, requiring no knowledge of the future, is presented and shown to minimise unserved energy during supplyshortfall events, regardless of the supply and demand profiles. It is accompanied by a graphical means to rapidly determine unavoidable energy shortfalls, which can then be used to compare different device fleets. The policy is well-suited for use within the framework of system adequacy assessment; for this purpose, a discrete time optimal policy is conceived, in both analytic and algorithmic forms, such that these results can be applied to discrete time systems and simulation studies. This is exemplified via a generation adequacy study of the British system.

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Real-Time Charging Strategies for an Electric Vehicle Aggregator to Provide Ancillary Services

Cited by 123 publications

References 30 publications

A Graphical Measure of Aggregate Flexibility for Energy-Constrained Distributed Resources

A Graphical Measure of Aggregate Flexibility for Energy-Constrained Distributed Resources

Distribution System Services Provided by Electric Vehicles: Recent Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Minimizing Unserved Energy Using Heterogeneous Storage Units

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