Real-Time Continuous Level of Detail Rendering of Point Clouds

Schütz, Markus; Krösl, Katharina; Wimmer, Michael

doi:10.1109/vr.2019.8798284

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…According to these results, we claim that compute‐based rendering is useful to LOD rendering approaches that ensure individual LOD chunks with at least several ten thousand points. Methods that pack all points into a single buffer [DVS03; SKW19] are very likely to benefit since compute approaches outperform GL_POINTS in all evaluated orderings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rendering Point Clouds with Compute Shaders and Vertex Order Optimization

Schütz

Kerbl

Wimmer

2021

Computer Graphics Forum

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In this paper, we present several compute‐based point cloud rendering approaches that outperform the hardware pipeline by up to an order of magnitude and achieve significantly better frame times than previous compute‐based methods. Beyond basic closest‐point rendering, we also introduce a fast, high‐quality variant to reduce aliasing. We present and evaluate several variants of our proposed methods with different flavors of optimization, in order to ensure their applicability and achieve optimal performance on a range of platforms and architectures with varying support for novel GPU hardware features. During our experiments, the observed peak performance was reached rendering 796 million points (12.7GB) at rates of 62 to 64 frames per second (50 billion points per second, 802GB/s) on an RTX 3090 without the use of level‐of‐detail structures. We further introduce an optimized vertex order for point clouds to boost the efficiency of GL_POINTS by a factor of 5× in cases where hardware rendering is compulsory. We compare different orderings and show that Morton sorted buffers are faster for some viewpoints, while shuffled vertex buffers are faster in others. In contrast, combining both approaches by first sorting according to Morton‐code and shuffling the resulting sequence in batches of 128 points leads to a vertex buffer layout with high rendering performance and low sensitivity to viewpoint changes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rendering Point Clouds with Compute Shaders and Vertex Order Optimization

Schütz

Kerbl

Wimmer

2021

Computer Graphics Forum

Self Cite

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“…Then, the compression and structuration of such datasets are heavy constraints that limit the integration of point clouds directly in VR scenarios [39]. Some work, such as [35,36,40], permit the integration of massive point clouds data, but an effective visualization and interaction are still limited. Three-dimensional mesh representation is more commonly found within the industry workflows, first propelled by the history of obtaining 3D information without reality capture devices.…”

Section: Data Capture For Cultural Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Initial User-Centered Design of a Virtual Reality Heritage System: Applications for Digital Tourism

et al. 2020

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Reality capture allows for the reconstruction, with a high accuracy, of the physical reality of cultural heritage sites. Obtained 3D models are often used for various applications such as promotional content creation, virtual tours, and immersive experiences. In this paper, we study new ways to interact with these high-quality 3D reconstructions in a real-world scenario. We propose a user-centric product design to create a virtual reality (VR) application specifically intended for multi-modal purposes. It is applied to the castle of Jehay (Belgium), which is under renovation, to permit multi-user digital immersive experiences. The article proposes a high-level view of multi-disciplinary processes, from a needs analysis to the 3D reality capture workflow and the creation of a VR environment incorporated into an immersive application. We provide several relevant VR parameters for the scene optimization, the locomotion system, and the multi-user environment definition that were tested in a heritage tourism context.

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“…Oosterom describes the use of random numbers as a basis for continuous level of detail [PO19]. Van der Maaden [JVM19] and Schütz et al [SKW19] randomly subsample precomputed discrete levels of detail hierarchies of points at runtime. A subsample with continuously decreasing density is then selected from this hierarchy by chosing points based on the distance to the viewer, the local density or spacing of a point, and a random number.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive Real‐Time Rendering of One Billion Points Without Hierarchical Acceleration Structures

Schütz

Mandlburger

Otepka

et al. 2020

Computer Graphics Forum

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Research in rendering large point clouds traditionally focused on the generation and use of hierarchical acceleration structures that allow systems to load and render the smallest fraction of the data with the largest impact on the output. The generation of these structures is slow and time consuming, however, and therefore ill‐suited for tasks such as quickly looking at scan data stored in widely used unstructured file formats, or to immediately display the results of point‐cloud processing tasks. We propose a progressive method that is capable of rendering any point cloud that fits in GPU memory in real time, without the need to generate hierarchical acceleration structures in advance. Our method supports data sets with a large amount of attributes per point, achieves a load performance of up to 100 million points per second, displays already loaded data in real time while remaining data is still being loaded, and is capable of rendering up to one billion points using an on‐the‐fly generated shuffled vertex buffer as its data structure, instead of slow‐to‐generate hierarchical structures. Shuffling is done during loading in order to allow efficiently filling holes with random subsets, which leads to a higher quality convergence behavior.

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Real-Time Continuous Level of Detail Rendering of Point Clouds

Cited by 43 publications

References 14 publications

Rendering Point Clouds with Compute Shaders and Vertex Order Optimization

Rendering Point Clouds with Compute Shaders and Vertex Order Optimization

Initial User-Centered Design of a Virtual Reality Heritage System: Applications for Digital Tourism

Progressive Real‐Time Rendering of One Billion Points Without Hierarchical Acceleration Structures

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