Real time control of a distribution connected MVDC link (ANGLE-DC)

Bryans, Russell; Yu, James; Smith, Kevin Michael; Knott, Jonathan C.; Moon, Andrew

doi:10.1049/cp.2017.0003

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The presented two-step SE algorithm is used to monitor the quasi-static conditions of the AC-DC grid [5,12]. As a consequence, the VSC parameters for the two-step SE are modeled in this paper for steady state operating condition of the AC-DC grid, without considering the effects of fast transient disturbances [31].…”

Section: Vsc Parameters As Equivalent Se Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Reference [4], for example, a ±5 kV DC link is used for the connection to a 10 kV AC grid using converters with 10 MVA rated power. In Reference [5], an existing 33 kV double AC circuit is converted into a 30 MVA symmetrical monopole DC circuit operating at ±27 kV. In these projects, MV AC and DC grids are interlinked via Voltage Source Converters (VSC), which are usually preferred over Line-Commutated Converters (LCC) for this type of applications [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional information, such as forecasts derived from historical data, can also be used to further improve the accuracy of the SE results [11]. In recent times, the increase of MTDC projects [4,5,12] has led to the development of SE algorithms specific for hybrid AC-DC grids. In Reference [13], a distributed approach based on Lagrangian relaxation is proposed for the SE of hybrid AC/High Voltage DC (HVDC) grids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Two-Step State Estimation Algorithm for Hybrid AC-DC Distribution Grids

et al. 2021

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Direct Current (DC) grids are considered an attractive option for integrating high shares of renewable energy sources in the electrical distribution grid. Hence, in the future, Alternating Current (AC) and DC systems could be interconnected to form hybrid AC-DC distribution grids. This paper presents a two-step state estimation formulation for the monitoring of hybrid AC-DC grids. In the first step, state estimation is executed independently for the AC and DC areas of the distribution system. The second step refines the estimation results by exchanging boundary quantities at the AC-DC converters. To this purpose, the modulation index and phase angle control of the AC-DC converters are integrated into the second step of the proposed state estimation formulation. This allows providing additional inputs to the state estimation algorithm, which eventually leads to improve the accuracy of the state estimation results. Simulations on a sample AC-DC distribution grid are performed to highlight the benefits resulting from the integration of these converter control parameters for the estimation of both the AC and DC grid quantities.

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Section: Vsc Parameters As Equivalent Se Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Two-Step State Estimation Algorithm for Hybrid AC-DC Distribution Grids

et al. 2021

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“…MVDC links are only beginning to be used 37,38 , so our data was sourced from a demonstration project, the ANGLE-DC project, where an MVDC link will connect the Isle of Anglesey to mainland North Wales [39][40][41] . The proposed link will operate at ±27kV DC and connect two 33kV AC networks, with converter ratings of 30MVA.…”

Section: Model Negotiation Rules and Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

A general form of smart contract for decentralized energy systems management

et al. 2019

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Smart contract platforms have the potential to allow shared automatic control of energy transfer within networks in a replicable, secure, verifiable and trustworthy way. Here we present a general form of smart contract which captures the elements needed for shared control that will help formalise decentralisation. Two mechanisms were defined for agreement of control instructions for a Medium Voltage Direct Current (MVDC) link connecting two separately operated 33kV distribution networks. These were instantiated as smart contracts and were evaluated in terms of cost and the computational requirements for their execution. Real network and converter data from the ANGLE-DC demonstration project were used to model the MVDC link. We demonstrate that using smart contracts to agree control instructions between different parties is feasible. The potential for shared control using smart contracts gives operators and regulators a way of defining and decentralising operating responsibilities within energy systems. 2 Main An energy system can be described as a collection of distinct networks, sources, sinks, their corresponding responsible parties, and the associated physical and information flows 1,2. The information flows come from monitoring physical processes (e.g. voltage and current at a transformer) and decisions made by individual actors 3. Information exchange interfaces are the mechanism by which information is passed between different responsible parties 4. The complexity of energy networks is forecast to increase with higher volumes of information and numbers of controllable components 5. When accompanied by decentralisation of responsibilities, this will lead to the creation of more information interfaces, or mean that more information must be processed at existing interfaces. An example of this, in electricity networks, is the possible transformation of Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) to Distribution System Operators (DSOs) in Great Britain (GB) 6,7. As part of the transition, more localised balancing responsibility would be given to DNOs 8,9. This would lead to a requirement for more complex agreements at interfaces (e.g. between two distribution networks or between a distribution network and a transmission network) as neighbouring parties will rely more on the predictable behaviour of adjacent networks 10. This leads us to ask what standardised rulesets at the interfaces between responsible parties, if any, would make the operation and planning of energy systems more secure and lower cost. The emergence of smart contract platforms (often under the rubric of Distributed Ledger Technology 11 or Blockchain Technology 12), brings the opportunity to securely automate many of the procedures that take place at interfaces and potentially to lower the whole system cost 11. The concept of smart contracts, self-enforcing agreements in the form of executable programs 13 , originating with Szabo in 1994 14 , provides a means of setting out negotiation and self-enforcing settlement rules that operate with a high degre...

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“…12,13 There are already initiatives in this direction, such as Scottish Power Energy Network's Angle-DC Project, which aims to strengthen the transfer of renewable energy between Anglesey and North Wales mainland (UK) through Europe's first MVDC link. 14,15 Or various studies analyzing the advantages of implementing VDC links in distribution networks, including 16 simulating the behavior of VDC links in order to improve the capacity of the network concerning the incorporation of low-carbon generation technologies and the transition to electric vehicles in a case applied to suburban distribution in Scotland 17 ; which shows the advantages of implementing MVDC links as an alternative to AC lines in the Korean electricity system 18 ; where the first dual terminal VSC-MVDC distribution network built in China is analyzed 19,20 ; where the advantages of the application of these links are shown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the behavior of MVDC system in a distribution grid compared to a UPFC system

Herrera

Zorita-Lamadrid

Duque-Pérez

et al. 2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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The increase in electricity demand, the incorporation of renewable energies, or * , reference input current, d-axis; i 1q , input current, qaxis; i 2 , output current; i 2d , output current, d-axis; i 2d *, reference output current, d-axis; i 2q , output current, q-axis; i 2q *, reference output current, qaxis; IGBT, insulated gate bipolar transistor; MVDC, medium voltage direct current; P 2 , output active power; P 2 * , reference output active power; P ns , nominal active power VSC2; P nsh , nominal active power VSC1; P s , controlled active power; PWM, pulse width modulation; Q 1 , input reactive power; Q 2 , output reactive power; Q 2 * , reference output reactive power; Q s , controlled reactive power; R L1 , resistance AC line 1; R L2 , resistance AC line 2; R s , coupling resistance VSC2; R sh , coupling resistance VSC1; rt s , transformation relation VSC2; rt sh , transformation relation VSC1; UPFC, unified power flow converter; v 1 , input voltage; v 2 , output voltage; v c , injected series voltage; v cd , series voltage, d-axis; v cd * , reference series voltage, d-axis; v cq , series voltage, q-axis; v cq * , reference series voltage, q-axis; V cs , nominal voltage VSC2; V csh , nominal voltage VSC1; v dc , direct voltage; VSC, voltage sourced converter; VSC1, voltage sourced converter 1; VSC2, voltage sourced converter 2; X L1 , reactance AC line 1; X L2 , reactance AC line 2; X s , coupling reactance VSC2; X sh , coupling reactance VSC1; Θ 1 , phase angle bus 1; Θ 2 , phase angle bus 2.

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Real time control of a distribution connected MVDC link (ANGLE-DC)

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

A Two-Step State Estimation Algorithm for Hybrid AC-DC Distribution Grids

A Two-Step State Estimation Algorithm for Hybrid AC-DC Distribution Grids

A general form of smart contract for decentralized energy systems management

Analysis of the behavior of MVDC system in a distribution grid compared to a UPFC system

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