Real-Time Control Strategy of Fuel Cell and Battery System for Electric Hybrid Boat Application

Amerl, Ahmed Al; Oukkacha, Ismail; Camara, Mamadou Baïlo; Dakyo, Brayima

doi:10.3390/su13168693

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Behavior model of the interleaved boost converter is given in Equation (11). The control of interleaved boost converter is also focused on polynomial based-control discussed in [31].…”

Section: Model Of the Dc/dc Convertersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercapacitors Fast Ageing Control in Residential Microgrid Based Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell/Electric Vehicle Charging Station

2023

Self Cite

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The demand for microgrids and their applications in buildings, industries and for very specific applications is increasing over time. Most of these microgrids are dependent on renewable energy sources, which brings along problems of intermittent energy production. To maintain the balance of the grid, normally storage devices are used. Supercapacitors (SCs) are emerging as one of the potential solutions to solve the issue of intermittent energy production by renewable sources because of their high-power densities and rapid charge/discharge capability. In other terms, SCs can charge, and discharge rather quickly as compared to traditional lithium-batteries. This usage makes it interesting for optimizing decentralized energy generation-based PV systems operations. In this paper, the authors propose the supercapacitors fast ageing control in residential microgrid, including electric vehicle charging station based Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell system. Supercapacitors fast ageing control concept focuses on keeping the electrical parameters of the SCs around the optimal operation points by smoothing the power fluctuations in the system. The used SCs model is essentially based on the intermittent current waveforms along with variable temperature conditions. It enables us to describe the degradation of the supercapacitor’s parameters based on the effects of the temperature and the DC-current undulation. To maintain the electrical parameters of SCs around the optimal operation points, the authors propose a new control based on maintaining the SCs resistance at a minimal level and its capacitance at a maximal level by adjusting the SCs current control according to the optimal operating points tracking. The results validate the effectiveness of the approach, this is important because controlling the fast degradation of capacitance optimizes the lifetime of SCs system. Future research may explore scalability to large microgrids and integration with diverse renewable energy systems.

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“…Behavior model of the interleaved boost converter is given in Equation (11). The control of interleaved boost converter is also focused on polynomial based-control discussed in [31].…”

Section: Model Of the Dc/dc Convertersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercapacitors Fast Ageing Control in Residential Microgrid Based Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell/Electric Vehicle Charging Station

2023

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“…In this case, the DC microgrid can be constituted by renewable energy sources (for example, There are also other interesting applications in which DC microgrids can play an important role. The applications have already been implemented or referred to by other authors [88][89][90][91]. Applications related to the transportation sector is one of those areas.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC Microgrids: Benefits, Architectures, Perspectives and Challenges

Pires

Cordeiro

2023

Energies

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One of the major paradigm shifts that will be predictably observed in the energy mix is related to distribution networks. Until now, this type of electrical grid was characterized by an AC transmission. However, a new concept is emerging, as the electrical distribution networks characterized by DC transmission are beginning to be considered as a promising solution due to technological advances. In fact, we are now witnessing a proliferation of DC equipment associated with renewable energy sources, storage systems and loads. Thus, such equipment is beginning to be considered in different contexts. In this way, taking into consideration the requirement for the fast integration of this equipment into the existing electrical network, DC networks have started to become important. On the other hand, the importance of the development of these DC networks is not only due to the fact that the amount of DC equipment is becoming huge. When compared with the classical AC transmission systems, the DC networks are considered more efficient and reliable, not having any issues regarding the reactive power and frequency control and synchronization. Although much research work has been conducted, several technical aspects have not yet been defined as standard. This uncertainty is still an obstacle to a faster transition to this type of network. There are also other aspects that still need to be a focus of study and research in order to allow this technology to become a day-to-day solution. Finally, there are also many applications in which this kind of DC microgrid can be used, but they have still not been addressed. Thus, all these aspects are considered important challenges that need to be tackled. In this context, this paper presents an overview of the existing and possible solutions for this type of microgrid, as well as the challenges that need to be faced now.

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“…Control can be centralized, decentralized, distributed, multi-level, or hierarchical, among many other possible configurations [14][15][16][17][18]. Cooperation between operation and control algorithms is critical because optimal DC microgrid planning has consequences for both [19][20][21][22][23]. The current literature does not provide a thorough examination of DC microgrids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC Microgrids: A Propitious Smart Grid Paradigm for Smart Cities

Rangarajan

Raman

Singh³

et al. 2023

Smart Cities

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Recent years have seen a surge in interest in DC microgrids as DC loads and DC sources like solar photovoltaic systems, fuel cells, batteries, and other options have become more mainstream. As more distributed energy resources (DERs) are integrated into an existing smart grid, DC networks have come to the forefront of the industry. DC systems completely sidestep the need for synchronization, reactive power control, and frequency control. DC systems are more dependable and productive than ever before because AC systems are prone to all of these issues. There is a lot of unrealized potential in DC power, but it also faces some significant challenges. Protecting a DC system is difficult because there is no discrete location of where the current disappears. DC microgrid stability that is dependent on inertia must also be considered during the planning stage. The problems that DC microgrids have include insufficient power quality and poor communication. The power quality, inertia, communication, and economic operations of these value streams, as well as their underlying architectures and protection schemes, are all extensively discussed in this paper. This review paper examines the pros and cons of both grid-connected and isolated DC microgrids. In addition, the paper compares the different kinds of microgrids in terms of power distribution and energy management agency, such as the prerequisites for a DC microgrid’s planning, operation, and control that must be met before state-of-the-art systems can be implemented.

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Real-Time Control Strategy of Fuel Cell and Battery System for Electric Hybrid Boat Application

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Supercapacitors Fast Ageing Control in Residential Microgrid Based Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell/Electric Vehicle Charging Station

Supercapacitors Fast Ageing Control in Residential Microgrid Based Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell/Electric Vehicle Charging Station

DC Microgrids: Benefits, Architectures, Perspectives and Challenges

DC Microgrids: A Propitious Smart Grid Paradigm for Smart Cities

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