Real time deuterium loading investigation in palladium using neutron diffraction

Carbon Precursor Structures and Graphene on Palladium Nanoparticles

“…The parameter ρ = a G − a G_free /a G_free denotes the contraction/expansion factor of the graphene lattice (size a G ) with respect to free-standing graphene, which has a size of a G_free = 2.463 Å 41,42 . For Pd(111), a unit cell length of a Pd = 3.889 Å is used 43,44,45 , which results into a next-neighbor distance of two Pd atoms of d Pd-Pd = 2.750 Å. The abbreviation MB stands for moiré pattern whereas the number is the one of the moiré pattern on the respective NP.…”

“… a The parameters λ̂ M and α̂ Pd–M are the experimental values for the length of the moiré’s unit cell vector and the angle between the unit cell vector and the ⟨11̅0⟩ Pd direction, respectively, whereas λ M and α Pd–G are the same parameters resulting from the model of the respective moiré pattern. The parameter ρ = a G – a G_free / a G_free denotes the contraction/expansion factor of the graphene lattice (size a G ) with respect to free-standing graphene, which has a size of a G_free = 2.463 Å. , For Pd(111), a unit cell length of a Pd = 3.889 Å is used, − which results in a next-neighbor distance of two Pd atoms of d Pd–Pd = 2.750 Å. The abbreviation MB stands for moiré pattern , whereas the number is the one of the moiré patterns on the respective NP. …”

Dynamic neutron and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction methods in the study of chemical processes

“…In conjunction with the results discussed above, some additional areas of research are referred to in the following for the bene®t of the reader: aging processes, 77 in-situ electrochemical reactions (batteries), 78,79 intercalation of alkanes (n-hexane, pentane, butane) in CsC 24 , 80±82 conformational changes in light-and dark-adapted membranes, 83 hydration of cements, 84,85 hydrogenation of high T c superconductors, 86,87 orientational ¯uctuations in nematic liquid crystals, 88 electrolytic loading of hydrogen/ deuterium into metals (palladium), 89 reactions and phase relations at mantle pressure and temperatures, 90±92 chemical synthesis by the sol±gel procedure, 93 mechanisms of phase transformation in cobalt phthalocyanine compounds, 38 `memory effect' during polymorphic crystallizations, 94 understanding how solid catalysts work, 95 high pressure and high temperature phase transformations, 96±98 kinetics of oxidation of lanthanum strontium manganates, 99 magnesium aluminophosphate synthesis, 100 hydrothermal crystallization of zeolites, 101,102 short-lived transient states in protein molecules, 103 or natural gas conversion by CO 2 reforming. 104…”

An In‐Situ Volumetric Method for Dynamically Measuring the Absorption of Deuterium in Palladium during Electrolysis

“…Recently, neutron diffraction has been employed (15) to measure the deuterium content of palladium during electrolysis. This is still an indirect method as it requires accurate knowledge of the lattice constant as a function of the loading level.…”