Real-time enforcement of local energy market transactions respecting distribution grid constraints

Abstract

Future electricity distribution grids will host a considerable share of the renewable energy sources needed for enforcing the energy transition. Demand side management mechanisms play a key role in the integration of such renewable energy resources by exploiting the flexibility of elastic loads, generation or electricity storage technologies. In particular, local energy markets enable households to exchange energy with each other while increasing the amount of renewable energy that is consumed locally. Nevertheless, as most ex-ante mechanisms, local market schedules rely on hour-ahead forecasts whose accuracy may be low. In this paper we cope with forecast errors by proposing a game theory approach to model the interactions among prosumers and distribution system operators for the control of electricity flows in real-time. The presented game has an aggregative equilibrium which can be attained in a semi-distributed manner, driving prosumers towards a final exchange of energy with the grid that benefits both households and operators, favoring the enforcement of prosumers' local market commitments while respecting the constraints defined by the operator. The proposed mechanism requires only oneto-all broadcast of price signals, which do not depend either on the amount of players or their local objective function and constraints, making the approach highly scalable. Its impact on distribution grid quality of supply was evaluated through load flow analysis and realistic load profiles, demonstrating the capacity of the mechanism ensure that voltage deviation and thermal limit constraints are respected.

Impact of Local Energy Markets Integration in Power Systems Layer: A Comprehensive Review

“…Imbalance across different phases [49], [50], [51] Affected by prosumers' trading behaviour Introduction of control mechanism does not have negative on market mechanism outcome [51] System power peak…”

Efficient distributed solutions for sharing energy resources at the local level: a cooperative game approach

“…We begin our numerical study by comparing the performance of the distributed algorithm using different graph families. For the experiments in this section, we assumed T = 10 time-slots and we sampled the demand profiles of players from a uniform distribution x i t ∼ U[−3, 3] i.i.d 3 . We compare seven families of graphs: the complete graph in n nodes, the cycle in n nodes, a wheel graph, a path graph, a randomly sampled 4−regular graph (R 4,n ), a random tree and a cycle chordal graph.…”

“…The code used for our numerical experiments can be found in https: //github.com/gus0k/cdc20_code 3. Since the load distribution does not impact the execution time, which is the metric we want to evaluate, we chose a simple one, although not realistic…”

Constrained Generation Bids in Local Electricity Markets: A Semantic Approach

“…The most common types of local market constraints found in the literature are related to network limitations, such as the capacity of the distribution lines, congestion management, voltage deviations and thermal limits, among others [26,30,31]. The work presented in the present paper goes forward in exploring the bid constraints that local market players can submit, in order to have their preferences respected, so buyers can easily say how much and when they want to buy, and sellers can easily say how much and when they want to sell.…”