Real-time full-field characterization of transient dissipative soliton dynamics in a mode-locked laser

Ryczkowski, Piotr; Närhi, Mikko; Billet, Cyril; Mérolla, Jean-Marc; Genty, Goëry; Dudley, John M.

doi:10.1038/s41566-018-0106-7

Cited by 330 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…For instance, the first, second, third, and fourth pulses are separated from the pulse group at about 1.5 × 10 5 , 2.5 × 10 5 , 3.8 × 10 5 , and 4.8 × 10 5 RTs, respectively. Note that the breathing dynamics with the period of ≈2.1 × 10 4 RTs is experimentally observed in this stage, similar to the previous report . Figure b, which is redrawn as the 3D picture from the data of the middle plot of Figure b, displays the evolution of stable fifth HML after about 5 min of the pump start‐up.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Revealing the Buildup Dynamics of Harmonic Mode‐Locking States in Ultrafast Lasers

Liu

Pang

2019

Laser & Photonics Reviews

223

101

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Harmonic mode‐locking (HML) is an important technique enabling the generation of high‐repetition‐rate ultrashort pulses. Using an emerging time‐stretch dispersive Fourier transform technique, the experimental observation of the entire buildup process of the passive HML state in an ultrafast fiber laser is reported here. It is unveiled that the whole process of HML buildup successively undergoes seven different ultrafast phases: raised relaxation oscillation, spectral beating behavior, birth of a giant pulse, self‐phase‐modulation‐induced instability, pulse splitting, repulsion and separation of multiple pulses, and a stable HML state. It is observed that the multiple HML pulses originate from a single‐pulse splitting phenomenon and a remarkable breathing behavior occurs at an early stage of the HML buildup process. The numerical results confirm that the effects of dispersive wave, gain depletion and recovery, and acoustic wave play key roles in the earlier, middle, and later stages of this HML buildup process, respectively; as well, the acoustic resonance in the single‐mode fiber stabilizes the final HML state of lasers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Revealing the Buildup Dynamics of Harmonic Mode‐Locking States in Ultrafast Lasers

Liu

Pang

2019

Laser & Photonics Reviews

223

101

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“…Peregrine soliton in a wave tank (57) Draupner wave (1D propagation) in a wave tank (166) Modulation instability in optical fibre (47) Backgroundfree solitons in optical fibre (46) Rogue waves in supercontinuum generation (4) Full field measurements of turbulence and dissipative soliton transients (68,106) High order breathers in optical fibre (59) 2013 Current effects on rogue waves in a wave tank (157)…”

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confidence: 99%

Rogue waves and analogies in optics and oceanography

et al. 2019

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We review the study of rogue waves and related instabilities in optical and oceanic environments, with particular focus on recent experimental developments. In optics, we emphasize results arising from the use of real-time measurement techniques, whilst in oceanography we consider insights obtained from analysis of real-world ocean wave data and controlled experiments in wave tanks. Although significant progress in understanding rogue waves has been made based on an analogy between wave dynamics in optics and hydrodynamics, these comparisons have predominantly focused on one-dimensional nonlinear propagation scenarios. As a result, there remains significant debate about the dominant physical mechanisms driving the generation of ocean rogue waves in the complex environment of the open sea. Here, we review stateof-the-art of rogue wave studies in optics and hydrodynamics, aiming to clearly identify similarities and differences between the results obtained in the two fields. In hydrodynamics, we take care to review results that support both nonlinear and linear interpretations of ocean rogue wave formation, and in optics, we also summarise results from an emerging area of research applying the measurement techniques developed for the study of rogue waves to dissipative soliton systems. We conclude with a discussion of important future research directions. the underlying carrier wave is considered sinusoidal at frequency ω whereas in hydrodynamics, the NLSE envelope modulates the Stokes wave which (to second-order) contains contributions at both ω and the second harmonic 2ω [31]. In addition, even though the terminology "optical wave breaking" is used in an NLSE context to describe the steepening of an optical envelope from nonlinear focussing [32], optical carrier waves themselves do not "break" or plunge as they do in hydrodynamics [33,34]. There are also important differences concerning measurements. Specifically, experiments in optical fibres generally measure only the time-domain envelope intensity, and information about carrier oscillations is not recorded. In contrast, measurements in hydrodynamics directly record the individual carrier wave amplitudes (although envelope information can be reconstructed straightforwardly [35]). Particular care must therefore be taken when comparing statistics between optics and hydrodynamics, because statistics in fibre optics experiments are determined

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“…It is wellknown that ultrashort solitons can form highly-stable bound-states, and these optical soliton molecules arise from balanced forces during propagation in passive fibers and in dissipative laser resonators [2][3][4][5]8,[16][17][18][19][20][21] . Recent real-time studies have revealed rapid transients, internal vibrations and even chaotic dynamics 6,7,[22][23][24] .In this study, we transfer the concepts of optical spectroscopy to the case of ultrafast soliton molecules by driving them with an external perturbation and monitoring their response in real time. We discover a resonance in the response of soliton molecules to external perturbation and probe the associated anharmonic binding potential (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Resonant excitation and all-optical switching of femtosecond soliton molecules

2019

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The emergence of confined structures and pattern formation are exceptional manifestations of concurring nonlinear interactions found in a variety of physical, chemical and biological systems 1 . Optical solitons are a hallmark of extreme spatial or temporal confinement enabled by a variety of nonlinearities. Such particle-like structures can assemble in complex stable arrangements, forming "soliton molecules" 2,3 . Recent works revealed oscillatory internal motions of these bound states, akin to molecular vibrations 4-8 . These observations beg the question as to how far the "molecular" analogy reaches, whether further concepts from molecular spectroscopy apply in this scenario, and if such intra-molecular dynamics can be externally driven or manipulated. Here, we probe and control such ultrashort bound-states in an optical oscillator, utilizing real-time spectroscopy and time-dependent external perturbations. We introduce two-dimensional spectroscopy of the linear and nonlinear bound-state response and resolve anharmonicities in the soliton interaction leading to overtone and sub-harmonic generation. Employing a non-perturbative interaction, we demonstrate all-optical switching between distinct states with different binding separation, opening up novel schemes of ultrafast spectroscopy, optical logic operations and all-optical memory.Mirroring the hierarchy of the atomic and molecular composition of matter, fundamental solitons constitute stable entities which can aggregate to form structures of increased complexity. Such condensation manifests in soliton fluids, molecules and crystals, as observed in diverse physical systems 2,9,10 . The underlying forces are responsible for various emergent phenomena, such as self-organization of Bose-Einstein condensates, soliton crystallization in micro-cavities, soliton fission in supercontinua or rogue waves in optical fiber [10][11][12][13][14][15] . It is wellknown that ultrashort solitons can form highly-stable bound-states, and these optical soliton molecules arise from balanced forces during propagation in passive fibers and in dissipative laser resonators [2][3][4][5]8,[16][17][18][19][20][21] . Recent real-time studies have revealed rapid transients, internal vibrations and even chaotic dynamics 6,7,[22][23][24] .In this study, we transfer the concepts of optical spectroscopy to the case of ultrafast soliton molecules by driving them with an external perturbation and monitoring their response in real time. We discover a resonance in the response of soliton molecules to external perturbation and probe the associated anharmonic binding potential (Fig. 1a, approach I). Applying stronger, non-perturbative stimuli, we also demonstrate reliable and reversible all-optical switching between two different bound states (Fig. 1a, approach II)suggesting applications in fast optical sampling and pulse control.

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Real-time full-field characterization of transient dissipative soliton dynamics in a mode-locked laser

Cited by 330 publications

References 61 publications

Revealing the Buildup Dynamics of Harmonic Mode‐Locking States in Ultrafast Lasers

Revealing the Buildup Dynamics of Harmonic Mode‐Locking States in Ultrafast Lasers

Rogue waves and analogies in optics and oceanography

Resonant excitation and all-optical switching of femtosecond soliton molecules

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