Real-time imaging of action potentials in nerves using changes in birefringence

Badreddine, Ali H.; Jordan, Tomas; Bigio, Irving J.

doi:10.1364/boe.7.001966

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…While most studies to date have been focused on recording AP as an electrical signal, theories have predicted that linear and non-linear (e.g., solitons) mechanical waves accompany AP propagation along the axons 2,3 , and the interplay between the electrical and mechanical responses is relevant to physiological functions of the neurons [4][5][6][7] . Experimental evidence of the mechanical responses has been found in animal nerve bundles and cultured invertebrate neurons [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] , but measuring such mechanical responses in single mammalian neurons is challenging. To study the transient, local and subtle mechanical responses in single mammalian neurons, the measurement method must have high temporal (milliseconds) and spatial (microns) resolutions, and extremely low detection limit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging action potential in single mammalian neurons by tracking the accompanying sub-nanometer mechanical motion

Yang

Liu

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Action potentials in neurons have been studied traditionally by the patch clamp and more recently by the fluorescence detection methods. Here we describe a label-free optical imaging method that can measure mechanical motion in single cells with sub-nanometer detection limit and sub-millisecond temporal resolution. Using the method, we have observed sub-nanometer mechanical motion accompanying the action potential in single mammalian neurons. The shape and width of the transient displacement are similar to those of the electrically recorded action potential, but the amplitude varies from neuron to neuron, and from one region of a neuron to another, ranging from 0.2 -0.4 nm. The work indicates that action potentials may be studied non-invasively in single mammalian neurons by label-free imaging of the accompanying subnanometer mechanical motion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging action potential in single mammalian neurons by tracking the accompanying sub-nanometer mechanical motion

Yang

Liu

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…The quantitative evaluation of the birefringence properties of such materials can effectively aid in understanding their structural details. Birefringence has been utilized in diverse applications such as characterization of pristine and engineered materials, − monitoring of manufacturing processes, and disease diagnosis. − For instance, optical anisotropy has been used as critical information for the performance characterization of LC-based devices, , mapping of the stress and grain boundary distributions of two-dimensional materials, such as black phosphor , and GaTe, , and defect detection in semiconductor wafers . The stress-induced modulation of birefringence in optical waveguides has been exploited to control their light-guiding performance and determine the polarization mode dispersion. , In clinical studies, birefringence imaging has been successfully employed to detect biopolymer crystals such as hemozoin and monosodium urate (MSU), which serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of malaria and gout, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Large-Area, High-Resolution Birefringence Imaging with Polarization-Sensitive Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy

et al. 2021

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We present polarization-sensitive Fourier ptychographic microscopy (PS-FPM) capable of generating high-resolution birefringence images of optically anisotropic specimens over a large field of view (FoV). FPM produces high-resolution images of transparent samples over a large FoV based on multiple intensity measurements acquired at various illumination angles and ptychographic phase retrieval. We combine this attractive feature of FPM with a single-input-state illumination and polarizationdiverse imaging system to achieve the imaging of both complex and birefringence information on transparent objects. Compared to conventional polarization imaging techniques, PS-FPM does not involve any mechanical rotation of the polarizer/analyzer and achieves birefringence imaging with a half-pitch resolution of 0.55 μm over 3.78 mm 2 FoV, which corresponds to the spacebandwidth product of 12.5 megapixels. We demonstrate the high-resolution, large-area birefringence imaging capability of PS-FPM by presenting the birefringence images of various anisotropic objects including monosodium urate, Tilia stem, and hemozoin crystals.

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“…The theory behind this was that changes in electrical field intensity across a membrane influence the polarization or light-scattering properties of that membrane, which could be projected to a detector such as a photomultiplier. While such techniques are still utilized [ 45 ], they suffer from poor signal amplitude and a low signal-to-noise ratio. As a result, attempts were made to screen fluorescent dyes for spectral shifts that correlated with changes in membrane potential [ 46 , 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Optical Mapping For Developmental Cardiac Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Electrophysiology in the Developing Heart

Thomas

Goudy

Henley

et al. 2018

JCDD

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The heart is the first organ system to form in the embryo. Over the course of development, cardiomyocytes with differing morphogenetic, molecular, and physiological characteristics are specified and differentiate and integrate with one another to assemble a coordinated electromechanical pumping system that can function independently of any external stimulus. As congenital malformation of the heart presents the leading class of birth defects seen in humans, the molecular genetics of heart development have garnered much attention over the last half century. However, understanding how genetic perturbations manifest at the level of the individual cell function remains challenging to investigate. Some of the barriers that have limited our capacity to construct high-resolution, comprehensive models of cardiac physiological maturation are rapidly being removed by advancements in the reagents and instrumentation available for high-speed live imaging. In this review, we briefly introduce the history of imaging approaches for assessing cardiac development, describe some of the reagents and tools required to perform live imaging in the developing heart, and discuss how the combination of modern imaging modalities and physiological probes can be used to scale from subcellular to whole-organ analysis. Through these types of imaging approaches, critical insights into the processes of cardiac physiological development can be directly examined in real-time. Moving forward, the synthesis of modern molecular biology and imaging approaches will open novel avenues to investigate the mechanisms of cardiomyocyte maturation, providing insight into the etiology of congenital heart defects, as well as serving to direct approaches for designing stem-cell or regenerative medicine protocols for clinical application.

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Real-time imaging of action potentials in nerves using changes in birefringence

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

Imaging action potential in single mammalian neurons by tracking the accompanying sub-nanometer mechanical motion

Imaging action potential in single mammalian neurons by tracking the accompanying sub-nanometer mechanical motion

Large-Area, High-Resolution Birefringence Imaging with Polarization-Sensitive Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy

Optical Electrophysiology in the Developing Heart

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