Real-time implementation of an efficient correlator for complementary sets of four sequences applied to ultrasonic pulse compression systems

Álvarez, F.; Hernández, Álvaro; Ureña, Jesu ́s; Mazo, Manuel; García, Jorge; Jiménez, Javier; Jiménez, A.

doi:10.1016/j.micpro.2005.04.003

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The design of a compression scheme depends, obviously, on the application. In [ 18 , 76 ] a compression scheme over an FPGA is described. The works presented in these papers can be applied to any multi-sensor that must send and receive data simultaneously from different independent sources.…”

Section: Sensors Systems Based On Fpgasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This system is optimal for high-speed applications where online measurements are needed and the reconfigurability feature is required by a specific application. Compression and cryptography is another important research field of interest [ 18 , 19 ]. Sensor data compression is a technique employed to reduce redundancies in order to decrease data storage and reduce communication costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Survey on FPGA-Based Sensor Systems: Towards Intelligent and Reconfigurable Low-Power Sensors for Computer Vision, Control and Signal Processing

García

Jara

Pomares

et al. 2014

Sensors

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The current trend in the evolution of sensor systems seeks ways to provide more accuracy and resolution, while at the same time decreasing the size and power consumption. The use of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) provides specific reprogrammable hardware technology that can be properly exploited to obtain a reconfigurable sensor system. This adaptation capability enables the implementation of complex applications using the partial reconfigurability at a very low-power consumption. For highly demanding tasks FPGAs have been favored due to the high efficiency provided by their architectural flexibility (parallelism, on-chip memory, etc.), reconfigurability and superb performance in the development of algorithms. FPGAs have improved the performance of sensor systems and have triggered a clear increase in their use in new fields of application. A new generation of smarter, reconfigurable and lower power consumption sensors is being developed in Spain based on FPGAs. In this paper, a review of these developments is presented, describing as well the FPGA technologies employed by the different research groups and providing an overview of future research within this field.

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Section: Sensors Systems Based On Fpgasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on FPGA-Based Sensor Systems: Towards Intelligent and Reconfigurable Low-Power Sensors for Computer Vision, Control and Signal Processing

García

Jara

Pomares

et al. 2014

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Recursive algorithms were developed for M-CSS. A ´lvarez et al [11] proposed an efficient architecture to generate and correlate a 4-CSS. Afterwards, De Marziani et al [12] generalised generation and correlation architectures to M-CSS.…”

Section: Complementary Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved architecture of complementary set of sequences correlation by means of an inverse generation approach

Funes

Donato

Hadad

et al. 2012

IET Signal Process.

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System coding is a growing trend in all fields of engineering. Many different algorithms have been developed and studied for applications in signal processing, radar and multi-emission systems, among others. One of the most interesting algorithms, among these, is the complementary sets of sequences (CSS) given their potential and simplicity. They are characterised by a distinctive correlation and orthogonality properties. Nowadays, sustained efforts are being devoted to reducing the calculations involved in the generation and/or correlation of these sequences by means of recursive algorithms. Some authors have brought forward efficient algorithms that are based on modular architectures made up of adders, multipliers and delays. This work introduces an inverse generation approach to perform the correlation of CSS. This approach allows one to substantially reduce calculations, and enables the simultaneous correlation of M sequences, adopting neither time-multiplexing schemes nor complex parallel implementations. This is theoretically demonstrated by means of generation and correlation algorithms. An analysis of the performance and efficiency is then conducted in a reconfigurable hardware platform. The proposal represents an advance in the practical application of these sequences in the above-mentioned fields.

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“…On the other hand, the dynamic range in the image is directly related to the dynamic range of the lateral lobes, that is, the relationship between the amplitudes of the main lobe and the lateral lobe, and the SS signals have large lateral lobes in the correlation [23]. For example, PSKs are good in perpendicular exploration, but they have significant lateral lobes and their spectrum is fixed and very irregular in the pass band [35], [36]. Chirp, especially non-linear ones, achieve relatively flat spectra, but their correlation also presents very high levels in the lateral lobes [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Optimization of Spread Spectrum Chirps Into Arbitrary Position and Width Pulse Signals. Application to Ultrasonic Sensors and Systems

et al. 2022

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This work presents in detail a new method for the optimization of rectangular spread spectrum excitation signals for its use in simple and low-cost ultrasonic pulsers, but that could be extended to other applications based on spread spectrum signals. Starting from rectangular linear frequency modulated (RLFM) chirps, it uses the transfer function of the transmitted signal and received echoes from reference specimens to iterate through a recursive algorithm to obtain arbitrary position and width pulse (APWP) signals with the desired bandwidth, maximizing the energy and the flatness of the spectrum, and enhancing the resolution and dynamic range of conventional chirp excitation signals. This optimization procedure can be repeated for any transducer and material, so that it achieves the best performance in each experimental environment. Such characteristics are ideal for Time-of-Flight estimation, imaging, and applications in which spectral regularity is needed, such as the Split Spectrum Processing (SSP) algorithm, which is used as example to test the performance of the proposed excitation signals. It also allows to specify and change the bandwidth reducing the need to change the transducers. The method is tested with different transducers (2 and 5 MHz focused transducers) and complex composite materials (aluminum-carbon aviation composite and high porosity GFRP composite) in immersion setup for imaging applications using SSP algorithm.INDEX TERMS Ultrasound, Spread Spectrum, chirp, arbitrary position and width pulses, Split Spectrum Processing, non destructive testing.

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Real-time implementation of an efficient correlator for complementary sets of four sequences applied to ultrasonic pulse compression systems

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

A Survey on FPGA-Based Sensor Systems: Towards Intelligent and Reconfigurable Low-Power Sensors for Computer Vision, Control and Signal Processing

A Survey on FPGA-Based Sensor Systems: Towards Intelligent and Reconfigurable Low-Power Sensors for Computer Vision, Control and Signal Processing

Improved architecture of complementary set of sequences correlation by means of an inverse generation approach

On the Optimization of Spread Spectrum Chirps Into Arbitrary Position and Width Pulse Signals. Application to Ultrasonic Sensors and Systems

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