Real-time in-line steel microstructure control through magnetic properties using an EM sensor

Shen, Jialong; Zhou, Lei; Jacobs, Will; Hunt, P. J.; Davis, Claire

doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2019.165504

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…If a varying magnetic field can be applied to the sample, then knowledge of how the incremental permeability varies with field strength curves will enable operation conditions to be chosen that give maximum sensitivity to the microstructural differences between samples, or multiple field measurements could be taken that will provide more information than single field measurements. For instance, the EMspec system [32,33] could be operated at different lift-off values or operating currents which could result in a range of applied fields being experienced by the sample. The full sensor-sample model [32] available for the EMspec system means that calibration samples and optimization trials would not be required.…”

Section: Minor Loop Measurements Incremental Permeability From Amplitude Sweepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consideration of Magnetic Measurements for Characterisation of Ferrite–Martensite Commercial Dual-Phase (DP) Steel and Basis for Optimisation of the Operating Magnetic Field for Open Loop Deployable Sensors

Jolfaei

Zhou

Davis

2021

Metals

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The magnetic properties of commercial dual-phase (DP) steels (DP600, DP800 and DP1000 grades) were evaluated using initial permeability, incremental permeability and coercivity and correlated with the key microstructural differences between the grades. The ferrite grain sizes and ferrite fractions have been compared with the magnetic parameters obtained from minor and major magnetisation loops within each DP grade. It has been revealed that the incremental permeability increases with the applied magnetic field amplitude to reach a peak and then drops at a higher magnetic field, with the values being different for the three DP grades at a lower field and converging to a similar permeability value at the high field. The effects of ferrite grain size and phase fraction on the incremental permeability are considered, and it has been shown that the influence of ferrite grain boundaries on magnetic permeability is more dominant than the effect of ferrite fraction in commercial DP steel samples. An analysis of the correlation between coercivity and initial permeability with tensile strength shows that the initial permeability provides a slightly better prediction of strength for the steels examined, which is believed to be due to the fact that a combination of reversible and irreversible domain components affect the coercivity value, while the initial permeability is predominantly affected by reversible domain movements. Based on the trend between incremental permeability and applied magnetic field and the commercial EM sensor (EMspec) operating parameters, the effect of lift-off and hence magnetic field strength on the sensitivity to DP steel properties can be assessed.

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Section: Minor Loop Measurements Incremental Permeability From Amplitude Sweepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consideration of Magnetic Measurements for Characterisation of Ferrite–Martensite Commercial Dual-Phase (DP) Steel and Basis for Optimisation of the Operating Magnetic Field for Open Loop Deployable Sensors

Jolfaei

Zhou

Davis

2021

Metals

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“…Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) is one of the most widely used NDT technique that can detect a defect in both the axial and circumferential directions, though it is susceptible to pipe wall thickness and other factors such as defect form [ 30 , 31 ]. Magnetic sensors have advanced significantly with the advancement of the semiconductor electronics industry, removing the limitation of measuring instruments to magnetic particle inspection [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Shen et al [ 30 ] have designed an Electro-Magnetic (EM) sensor to non-destructively monitor phase (microstructure) transformation in strip steels during the cooling process following hot rolling [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnetic sensors have advanced significantly with the advancement of the semiconductor electronics industry, removing the limitation of measuring instruments to magnetic particle inspection [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Shen et al [ 30 ] have designed an Electro-Magnetic (EM) sensor to non-destructively monitor phase (microstructure) transformation in strip steels during the cooling process following hot rolling [ 30 ]. The process necessitates a precise analysis of EM sensor signals as well as the ability to predict signals from desired microstructures at the appropriate temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system, however, is not suitable for corrosion monitoring. Thus, the design of an MFL sensor for high temperature testing necessitates a detailed study of EM sensor signals as well as the ability to predict signals from desired microstructures at specific temperatures [ 30 ]. Unlike other induction coil sensors that are found to be effective at room temperature testing, it can guide more magnetic flux to leak out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an MFL Coil Sensor for Testing Pipes in Extreme Temperature Conditions

Sathappan

Tokhi

Penaluna³

et al. 2021

Sensors

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This paper aims to design a coil sensor for corrosion monitoring of industrial pipes that could detect variations in thickness using the MFL (Magnetic Flux Leakage) technique. An MFL coil sensor is designed and tested with pipe sample thicknesses of 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm based on the magnetic field effect of ferrite cores. Moreover, a measurement setup for analysing pipe samples up to a temperature of 200° Celsius is suggested. Experimental results reveal that the MFL coil sensor can fulfil the requirements for MFL testing of pipes in high temperature conditions, and that the precision of MFL monitoring of pipes to detect corrosion at high temperatures can be improved significantly.

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“…Internal material structure examinations using inductance spectroscopy measurements were presented in many investigations, such as in [26][27][28]. The demand for in-line monitoring of phase transformation in the steel industry is answered by multi-frequency electromagnetic instruments [29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Induction Tomography Spectroscopy for Structural and Functional Characterization in Metallic Materials

Muttakin

Soleimani

2020

Materials

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Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) is a powerful imaging system for monitoring the state of metallic materials. Tomographic methods enable automatic inspection of metallic samples making use of multi-sensor measurements and data processing of eddy current-based sensing from mutual inductances. This paper investigates a multi-frequency MIT using both amplitude and phase data. The image reconstruction algorithm is based on a novel spectrally-correlative total variation method allowing an efficient and all-in-one spectral reconstruction. Additionally, the paper shows the rate of change in spectral images with respect to the excitation frequencies. Using both spectral maps and their spectral derivative maps, one can derive key structural and functional information regarding the material under test. This includes their type, size, number, existence of voids and cracks. Spectral maps can also give functional information, such as mechanical strains and their thermal conditions and composition.

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Real-time in-line steel microstructure control through magnetic properties using an EM sensor

Abstract: Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a published version is known of, the repository item page linked to above, will contain details on accessing it.

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Consideration of Magnetic Measurements for Characterisation of Ferrite–Martensite Commercial Dual-Phase (DP) Steel and Basis for Optimisation of the Operating Magnetic Field for Open Loop Deployable Sensors

Consideration of Magnetic Measurements for Characterisation of Ferrite–Martensite Commercial Dual-Phase (DP) Steel and Basis for Optimisation of the Operating Magnetic Field for Open Loop Deployable Sensors

Development of an MFL Coil Sensor for Testing Pipes in Extreme Temperature Conditions

Magnetic Induction Tomography Spectroscopy for Structural and Functional Characterization in Metallic Materials

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