Real-time measurement of sodium in single aerosol particles by flame emission: laboratory characterization

Abstract

A #ame emission aerosol sodium detector (ASD) has been developed to study the distribution of seasalt in individual marine aerosol droplets. The instrument detects sodium via D-line emission in a fuel-rich, laminar, hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen #ame. Laboratory studies with synthetic monodisperse aerosols were carried out in order to characterize the sensitivity, precision, and linearity of the technique. Experiments were also carried out with aerosols generated from mixed salt solutions and seawater in order to determine whether ionic or other matrix e!ects lead to interference. The ASD has a linear response function for NaCl aerosol particles from 100 nm to 2.0 m in diameter. The precision of sodium mass measurements is on the order of $3% standard error on replicate measurements, with a quantitative response to the sodium content of a single aerosol particle that is independent of the chemical composition of the particle, i.e. anions, cations, seawater. No interferences were found with major ions in seawater and common atmospheric aerosols. These experiments demonstrate a detection limit equivalent to a 100 nm diameter dry 100% NaCl aerosol.

Foam droplets generated from natural and artificial seawaters

“…SSA particles can be identified by their Na content since Na is conserved in atmospheric particles [ McInnes et al , 1996; Clark et al , 2001; Campuzano‐Jost et al , 2003]. Na + comprised approximately 30% of the ionic species mass of submicrometer particles near Cape Grim; since Na + is 31% of sea salt mass, in this case sea salt made up nearly all of the submicrometer particle ionic mass [ Huebert et al , 1998].…”

Impact of data reduction on multivariate classification models built on spectral data from bio-samples

“…Ovalbumin Ovalbumin protein grade V, Sigma Aldrich (simulant for toxin) 10 Sylvestris is repeated until all observations have been put in the test set once. The Q 2 value is dened as…”

“…6 Examples of commonly used techniques in biodetection are, e.g., Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF), [7][8][9] Flame Emission Spectroscopy (FES), 10 Raman spectroscopy, 11,12 and Spark or Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (SIBS/ LIBS), 9,[13][14][15] to mention a few. However, to further reduce the false positive/negative rates in alarm algorithms based on data acquired by the optical techniques mentioned above, some gain can be expected by optimizing which variables to monitor.…”

On-line spectroscopic and spectrometric methods for the determination of metal species in industrial processes☆

“…Operators of emission methods usually quantify their raw data by measuring signals from known quantities of the species of interest in a standardised system at known temperature and pressure. Such a system can be a simple flame on a well-characterised burner [182] or a heatable static [183] or flow [183] cell. In each case, the same optical set-up and electronic settings as for the actual measurements are used.…”