Real-time PCR detection of Toxoplasma gondii in surface water samples in São Paulo, Brazil

Galvani, Ana Tereza; Christ, Ana Paula Guarnieri; Padula, José Antônio; Barbosa, Mikaela Renata Funada; Araújo, Ronalda Silva de; Sato, Maria Inês Zanoli; Razzolini, María Tereza Pepe

doi:10.1007/s00436-018-6185-z

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…T. gondii has been repeatedly detected by active surveillance in water samples in Brazil (Galvani et al, 2019) and elsewhere (Gallas- , Sotiriadou, Mahmoodi, & Karanis, 2013;Mahmoudi, Kazemi, Haghighi, & Karanis, 2015;Villena et al, 2004;Wells et al, 2015). Contamination of water with oocysts probably occurs during floods occurring mainly in rainy seasons (Bahia-Oliveira et al, 2003;Galvani et al, 2019).…”

Section: Re Sults and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water contamination and T. gondii infection have been associated with consumption of non-filtered water in Brazil (Bahia-Oliveira et al, 2003;Heukelbach et al, 2007). In this sense, water flocculation and filtration are usually effective in removing T. gondii contamination (Galvani et al, 2019;. Regardless, decontamination may not be always effective since Villena et al (2002) reported the oocyst resistance to disinfection processes.…”

Section: Lindemannmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Contaminated water confirmed as source of infection by bioassay in an outbreak of toxoplasmosis in South Brazil

Minuzzi

Fernandes

Portella

et al. 2020

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Toxoplasma gondii-a protozoan belonging to the subphylum Apicomplexa (Adl et al., 2012) and family Sarcocystidae-is the causal agent of toxoplasmosis, an important and widespread zoonotic disease. The protozoan life cycle involves domestic and wild felids as definitive hosts and a number of mammals, including humans, as intermediate hosts. Modes of T. gondii transmission to human include (a) ingestion of sporulated oocysts present in contaminated water or food; (b) ingestion of bradyzoite-containing cysts present

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Section: Re Sults and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lindemannmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminated water confirmed as source of infection by bioassay in an outbreak of toxoplasmosis in South Brazil

Minuzzi

Fernandes

Portella

et al. 2020

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…En un estudio en São Paulo, Brasil, se encontró que tres de 39 (7,7 %) muestras de agua superficial de ríos resultaron positivas para T. gondii. Todas se habían recolectado durante la época de lluvia, lo que según los investigadores indicaría una mayor presencia de contaminantes en los cuerpos de agua por acción de la escorrentía 28 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Detección de Toxoplasma gondii en agua para el consumo humano proveniente de jagüeyes del área rural del municipio de Sincelejo

et al. 2021

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Introducción. La toxoplasmosis es una zoonosis que se transmite por vía oral al consumir alimentos contaminados con cualquier forma infectiva de Toxoplasma gondii. Su transmisión por agua ha sido documentada en varios países, incluido Colombia. Al no disponer de agua potable, la población rural de Sincelejo podría estar en riesgo de contraer toxoplasmosis por esta vía.Objetivo. Evaluar la contaminación por T. gondii del agua para consumo humano proveniente de jagüeyes de la zona rural de Sincelejo y establecer su relación con diferentes determinantes sociales de la salud en el área de estudio.Materiales y métodos. Mediante PCR anidada, se evaluaron 96 muestras de agua obtenidas en 48 fincas ubicadas en ocho corregimientos rurales de Sincelejo. En cada finca se obtuvieron dos muestras: una de agua cruda de jagüey y otra destinada al consumo directo. En cada finca se hizo una encuesta para recolectar información sobre características físicas de la vivienda, presencia de gatos, y disponibilidad de agua y sus usos. Las relaciones estadísticas se evaluaron con el test de Fisher.Resultados. De las 96 muestras analizadas, 13 resultaron contaminadas con T. gondii (13,5 %): nueve de agua cruda y cuatro de agua para el consumo directo. No se encontró asociación estadística entre las muestras positivas y los determinantes sociales de la salud evaluados (p>0,05).Conclusión. La población rural de Sincelejo podría estar en riesgo de contraer toxoplasmosis por el uso y consumo del agua proveniente de sus jagüeyes. La contaminación de estos cuerpos de agua por T. gondii puede estar influenciada por otros determinantes sociales de la salud no contemplados aquí.

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“…The presence of T. gondii oocysts in surface water samples used as a source for the production of drinking water in São Paulo state, Brazil, was documented by Galvani et al. (2019) using the real‐time PCR technique (qPCR). Of the 39 samples analysed, 7.7% (3/39) were positive for T. gondii .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasmagondii oocysts, Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in outdoor swimming pools in Brazil

Pineda

Leal

Fiúza

et al. 2020

Zoonoses and Public Health

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The accidental ingestion of treated recreational water is an important transmission route of waterborne protozoa worldwide. The present study aimed to provide the first evaluation of swimming pools in Brazil, analysing the presence of pathogenic protozoa (Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp.) by parasitological and molecular methods. A total of 57 samples were collected from 21 public swimming pools, either directly from the pool or filter backwash water and concentrated using the membrane filtration technique. Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts were visualized by direct immunofluorescence assay after purification by immunomagnetic separation. Toxoplasma gondii oocysts were detected by autofluorescence visualization using the supernatant discarded during the purification step as a sample. Positive samples were submitted to molecular analysis. The molecular markers were used: SSU-rRNA, tpi, gdh and bg, for Giardia DNA amplification, and 18S rRNA gene fragment amplification was used for the Cryptosporidium oocysts. The 529-bp repeat element (REP529) fragment and the 35-fold repetitive B1 gene were employed as a target for T. gondii. Amplified products were submitted to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Giardia cysts were detected in 19.0% and Cryptosporidium oocysts in 9.5% of swimming pools. In one swimming pool (4.7%), both protozoa were detected on at least one occasion. Structures similar to T. gondii oocysts were detected in 33.3% of the samples, ranging from one to 23 per slide. Giardia was confirmed by DNA amplification in three swimming pools; Giardia duodenalis Assemblage A was identified by the phylogenetic positioning of the β-giardin gene. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was detected in 14.2% of swimming pools. The present study represents the first report of the occurrence of T. gondii oocysts in swimming pools. Recreational activity in swimming pools contaminated by chlorine-resistant protozoa can represent a high risk of infection for bathers and swimmers.

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Real-time PCR detection of Toxoplasma gondii in surface water samples in São Paulo, Brazil

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

Contaminated water confirmed as source of infection by bioassay in an outbreak of toxoplasmosis in South Brazil

Contaminated water confirmed as source of infection by bioassay in an outbreak of toxoplasmosis in South Brazil

Detección de Toxoplasma gondii en agua para el consumo humano proveniente de jagüeyes del área rural del municipio de Sincelejo

Toxoplasmagondii oocysts, Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in outdoor swimming pools in Brazil

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