Real-time performance analysis of Adaptive Link Rate

Zhang, Baoke; Sabhanatarajan, K.; Gordon‐Ross, Ann; George, Alan

doi:10.1109/lcn.2008.4664181

Cited by 26 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Similar is the case for putting Network Interface Card (NIC) to sleep mode. Average load of NIC is 30% in servers, and in computers NIC takes 5% of total load [21][22][23]. (b) Reducing inter packet gaps: Due to bottleneck links between sender and receiver acknowledgments arrive with small delays resulting in same gaps between data packets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy efficiency of TCP: An analytical model and its application to reduce energy consumption of the most diffused transport protocol

Usman

Kliazovich

Granelli

et al. 2015

Int J Communication

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Energy efficient communications become a challenge for both industries and researchers. Incorporating energy efficiency into the design of network protocols and architectures represents a relevant issue in networking research. Currently, very few works address energy efficiency as a fundamental feature of network protocols. This paper benchmarks energy efficiency of TCP to understand the parameters and operational mechanics that determine and contribute to energy consumption. We propose an analytical model with energy consumption to protocol operation cycles and novel optimization techniques for reducing energy consumption of TCP. The evaluation results, obtained from NS2 simulations, demonstrate that even minor modifications of the protocol behavior can bring significant savings of energy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy efficiency of TCP: An analytical model and its application to reduce energy consumption of the most diffused transport protocol

Usman

Kliazovich

Granelli

et al. 2015

Int J Communication

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show abstract

“…This led to studies focusing on building energy proportional links whose energy consumption roughly proportional to link usage. Many initial proposals in energy proportional interconnects were concepts similar to Adaptive Link Rate (ALR) [40,41,42,43]. The idea behind ALR comes from the fact that a link's power increases with bandwidth.…”

Section: Adaptive Link Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their results suggest that frame buffering offers increased energy savings, however, with the cost of increased packet delays. [2,40,41,42,43,44,54,55,57,71] provide detailed evaluations on EEE for its potential for desktop and IT based systems; however, they do not give a sense of its performance over HPC.…”

Section: Other Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance-aware energy optimizations in networks for HPC

Saravanan¹

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Energy efficiency is an important challenge in the field of High Performance Computing (HPC). High energy requirements not only limit the potential to realize next-generation machines but are also an increasing part of the total cost of ownership of an HPC system. While at large HPC systems are becoming increasingly energy proportional in an effort to reduce energy costs, interconnect links stand out for their inefficiency. Commodity interconnect links remain ¿always-on¿, consuming full power even when no data is being transmitted. Although various techniques have been proposed towards energy- proportional interconnects, they are often too conservative or are not focused toward HPC. Aggressive techniques for interconnect energy savings are often not applied to HPC, in particular, because they may incur excessive performance overheads. Any energy-saving technique will only be adopted in HPC if there is no significant impact on performance, which is still the primary design objective. This thesis explores interconnect energy proportionality from a performance perspective. In this thesis, first a characterization of HPC applications is presented, making a case for the enormous potential for interconnect energy proportionality with HPC applications. Next, an HPC interconnect with on/off based links, modeled after the IEEE Energy Efficient Ethernet protocol, is evaluated. This evaluation while presenting a relationship between performance impact and energy over HPC applications also emphasizes the need for performance focused designs in energy efficient interconnects. Next, an adaptive mechanism, PerfBound, is presented that saves link energy subject to a bound on application performance overheads. Finally this evaluation structure is applied into an intermediate link power state, in addition to the traditional on and off states. Results of this study, over 15 production HPC applications show that, compared to current day always-on HPC interconnects, link energy can be reduced by unto 70%, while application performance overhead is bounded to only 1%. La eficiencia energética es un gran reto en el área de la Supercomputación (HPC), las grandes necesidades de energía no solo limitan el potencial de las computadoras de nueva generación, sino que también aumentan el coste de funcionamiento de estos sistemas. Mientras que los sistemas HPC tienden a ser cada vez más energéticamente proporcionales en un empeño por reducir costes, los enlaces de interconexión siguen siendo muy ineficientes. Los enlaces de interconexión comunes funcionan en modo "always-on", es decir, consumiendo energía incluso cuando no transmiten. Aunque se han propuesto algunas técnicas que ayuden a la proporcionalidad energética de los enlaces de interconexión, éstas han sido muy agresivas o poco enfocadas hacia su uso con sistemas HPC. Las técnicas de ahorro energético para los enlaces más agresivas no suelen ser utilizadas en HPC, particularmente porque degradan excesivamente el rendimiento. Cualquier técnica de ahorro energético solo será adoptada en sistemas HPC si no hay un impacto excesivo en el rendimiento, el cual es el principal objetivo de estos sistemas. En esta tesis, primeramente se presenta una nueva caracterización de aplicaciones HPC, remarcando el enorme potencial de la proporcionalidad en los enlaces de interconexión proporcionales para aplicaciones HPC. Seguidamente, se evaluará siguiendo el protocolo "IEEE Energy Efficient Ethernet" un link de interconexión on/off. Esta evaluación presentará una relación de impacto energético y rendimiento en aplicaciones HPC, enfatizando en la necesidad de usar un enlace de interconexión enfocados a la eficiencia. Se continuará con la presentación de un mecanismo adaptivo, PerfBound, que ahorra energía respetando unos límites máximos de impacto en el rendimiento. Finalmente, esta estructura es aplicada a un nuevo estado intermedio de funcionamiento adicional a los estados tradicionales on/off. Los resultados de este estudio, muestran que en más de 15 aplicaciones HPC la energía en los enlaces puede ser reducida en un 70% en comparación con enlaces "always-on", mientras que el impacto en el rendimiento es de tan solo un 1%.

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Energy-efficient bandwidth reservation for bulk data transfers in dedicated wired networks

2011

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International audienceThe ever increasing number of Internet connected end-hosts call for high performance end-to-end networks leading to an increase in the energy consumed by the networks. Our work deals with the energy consumption issue in dedicated network with bandwidth provisionning and in-advance reservations of network equipments and bandwidth for Bulk Data transfers. First, we propose an end-to-end energy cost model of such networks which described the energy consumed by a transfer for all the crossed equipments. This model is then used to develop a new energy-aware framework adapted to Bulk Data Transfers over dedicated networks. This framework enables switching off unused network portions during certain periods of time to save energy. This framework is also endowed with prediction algorithms to avoid useless switching off and with adaptive scheduling management to optimize the energy used by the transfers. 1 Introductio

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Real-time performance analysis of Adaptive Link Rate

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

Energy efficiency of TCP: An analytical model and its application to reduce energy consumption of the most diffused transport protocol

Energy efficiency of TCP: An analytical model and its application to reduce energy consumption of the most diffused transport protocol

Performance-aware energy optimizations in networks for HPC

Energy-efficient bandwidth reservation for bulk data transfers in dedicated wired networks

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