Real-Time Properties of Hydraulic Jump off a Tidal Bore, Its Generation and Transport Mechanisms: A Case Study of the Kampar River Estuary, Indonesia

Abstract

Since the hydraulic jump off a tidal bore in the Kampar Estuary has never been well-described, real-time measurements of hydraulic jump properties are crucial to understanding the tidal bore characteristics. This study aims to determine the real-time properties of a tidal bore generation, hydraulic jump, and transport mechanism in the Kampar River estuary. Tidal harmonic and range are analyzed using least-square-based tidal modeling. The tidal bore height and turbulent velocity records based on ADCP surveys in the estuary and upstream area are used to determine the hydraulic jump properties. Furthermore, an acoustic-based approach is also employed to quantify the suspended sediment concentration and flux during the passage of the bore. Kampar Estuary is predominated by semidiurnal co-tidal components (M2 and S2), where, based on the phase lag magnitude, it is categorized as an ebb-dominant estuary. This finding is proven by the more intense and prolonged ebb phases, especially during spring tidal conditions where the tidal range reaches 4 m. Of particular concern, the tidal bore height declines by 1.5 m every 20 km upstream with an erratic turbulent velocity. A sudden increase in transverse and vertical velocity during the passage of bore (ranging from −0.9 to 0.2 m/s) reflects the potency of sediment resuspension in the surrounding river edge marked by the significant increase in suspended sediment flux of about 3.7 times larger than at the end of the ebb tide. However, long-term measurement and regular bathymetry surveys are crucial to monitor the tidal bore behavior and morpho-dynamics in the Kampar River estuary.

Flow Hydrodynamic in Open Channels: A Constantly Evolving Topic

“…This Special Issue consists of thirteen manuscripts relating to the topic of flow hydrodynamics in open channels. Various arguments are addressed herein, including flow interaction with hydraulic structures [37,[40][41][42]45,48], flow dynamic in estuaries [38,39], flow-vegetation interactions [42,49], bed sediment effects on flow structures [42,43,45,46], and the effect of channel curvature on flow behaviors and sediment transport [44,47]. This Special Issue represents a significant contribution to the state of the art of the open channel flow fields, extending our knowledge and providing useful references for hydraulic engineers, experts, and those interested in the environment.…”

“…In [39], the authors carried out field measurements in a river estuary, a case study of the Kampar River estuary in Indonesia, to determine the real-time properties of tidal bore generation, hydraulic jump, and transport mechanisms. Using a least-square-based tidal model, the tidal harmonic and its range were analyzed.…”

“…The SI, entitled "Flow Hydrodynamic in Open Channels: Interaction with Natural or Man-Made Structures", comprises eleven original articles [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] and two reviews [48,49] on flow hydrodynamic structures in open channel flows.…”

Temporal variation of freshwater as control of mangrove in Banyuasin Estuary, South Sumatra, Indonesia

“…Differences in the value of freshwater fraction at each site are influenced by the process of mixing of water masses due to tidal variations, channel shapes, and bathymetric slopes, differences in currents leading in and out of estuaries, and variations in the mass of freshwater entering the region (Snedden et al 2022;Sulaiman et al 2021;Talke et al 2021;Wisha et al 2022). The results of previous research conducted at the research site show that the energy of water movement at the mouth of Musi River in response to tidal oscillations, channel shape, and bathymetric tilt is much higher than that at the mouth of Banyuasin River.…”