Real-Time Simulation of Torque and Nitrogen Oxide Emissions in an 11.0 L Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine for Model-Based Combustion Control

Abstract

A real-time combustion model was assessed and applied to simulate BMEP (Brake Mean Effective Pressure) and NOx (Nitrogen Oxide) emissions in an 11.0 L FPT Cursor 11 diesel engine for heavy-duty applications. The activity was carried out in the frame of the IMPERIUM H2020 EU Project. The developed model was used as a starting base to derive a model-based combustion controller, which is able to control indicated mean effective pressure and NOx emissions by acting on the injected fuel quantity and main injection timing. The combustion model was tested and assessed at steady-state conditions and in transient operation over several load ramps. The average root mean square error of the model is of the order of 110 ppm for the NOx simulation and of 0.3 bar for the BMEP simulation Moreover, a statistical robustness analysis was performed on the basis of the expected input parameter deviations, and a calibration sensitivity analysis was carried out, which showed that the accuracy is almost unaffected when reducing the calibration dataset by about 80%. The model was also tested on a rapid prototyping device and it was verified that it features real-time capability, since the computational time is of the order of 300–400 µs. Finally, the basic functionality of the model-based combustion controller was tested offline at steady-state conditions.

Proposal of a Predictive Mixed Experimental- Numerical Approach for Assessing the Performance of Farm Tractor Engines Fuelled with Diesel- Biodiesel-Bioethanol Blends

“…After an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test, aimed at highlighting the parameters of influence on the above-indicated variable (response), the subsequent application of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) allowed the calculation of the regression function coefficients that describe the effects of the statistically-significant independent variables on the response [62] ( Figure 2). It is worth mentioning that the emissions of NOx and CO are supplied by the measurement equipment in terms of ppm on a volume basis [12,24,46,[57][58][59][60]. The data elaboration and the following RSM have been carried out using the data with this measurement unit rather than g (kW h) −1 , which is a quantity that can supply an indication of the emissions in compliance also with the indications of the international norms on pollutants (EURO, TIER).…”

“…(a) It is worth mentioning that the emissions of NO x and CO are supplied by the measurement equipment in terms of ppm on a volume basis [12,24,46,[57][58][59][60]. The data elaboration and the following Energies 2019, 12, 2287 9 of 45 RSM have been carried out using the data with this measurement unit rather than g (kW h) −1 , which is a quantity that can supply an indication of the emissions in compliance also with the indications of the international norms on pollutants (EURO, TIER).…”

Comparison of the Emissions, Noise, and Fuel Consumption Comparison of Direct and Indirect Piezoelectric and Solenoid Injectors in a Low-Compression-Ratio Diesel Engine

“…In the last few years, significant improvements have been made, by the automotive industry, in the development of innovative solutions that are able to comply with increasingly stringent international regulations, in terms of reduction of both CO 2 and pollutant emissions [1]. One of the main research fields in the diesel sector deals with the development of the Common Rail (CR) fuel injection systems [2][3][4] and the related fuel injection strategies [5].…”

Comparison of Physics-Based, Semi-Empirical and Neural Network-Based Models for Model-Based Combustion Control in a 3.0 L Diesel Engine

“…Therefore, interest in model-based combustion control for diesel ICEs has been increasing more and more over the last few years. It is generally believed that the diesel technology will remain the best solution for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles over the next decades [14], and research efforts to reduce fuel consumption and pollutants are therefore still required.As a result of the increasing interest in the development of model-based combustion controllers, there is a need for accurate and low computational time demanding models. However, several types of modeling approaches, which can roughly be divided into physics-based (white box), and mathematical (gray-box or black-box) methods, can be used to this purpose.…”

“…Therefore, interest in model-based combustion control for diesel ICEs has been increasing more and more over the last few years. It is generally believed that the diesel technology will remain the best solution for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles over the next decades [14], and research efforts to reduce fuel consumption and pollutants are therefore still required.…”