Real-world emissions of gasoline passenger cars in Macao and their correlation with driving conditions

Abstract

Using a portable emissions measurement system, 16 gasoline passenger cars were tested on a fixed route consisting of different types of roads in Macao and the data were normalized with the vehicle-specific power bin method. The normalized HC, CO and NO X emission levels of the seven passenger car samples with model year older than 2000 were 3.19 ± 5.04, 14.59 ± 22.88, 2.57 ± 2.12 g/km, respectively. The HC, CO and NO X emission levels of other newer samples were 0.02 ± 0.02, 0.23 ± 0.29 and 0.10 ± 0.13 g/km, respectively. The scrappage of old passenger cars in Macao should be a high priority to control the total emissions of motor vehicles. Based on relative emission levels, a clear and similar pattern for gaseous pollutants and fuel consumption with driving conditions was identified. The emissions of HC, CO and NO X are best fitted to average speed with inverse functions. Fuel consumption is best fitted to average speed with a power function. Compared to the average driving conditions, the emission factors of HC, CO and NO X and fuel consumption of gasoline passenger cars during the rush hours on the Macau Peninsula will be increased by 61, 55, 45 and 90 %, respectively. This situation will deteriorate by 2015 if no further transportation management strategies are implemented in Macao. To save energy and mitigate the air pollutant emissions in the urban area, improved traffic planning and travel demand management are also necessary.

Impacts of load mass on real-world PM1 mass and number emissions from a heavy-duty diesel bus

“…The dilution air was dried and pre-filtered. A Sensor Inc. SEMTECH-DS PEMS was used to measure on-road emissions of gaseous pollutants and to keep a record of instantaneous vehicle speed, engine conditions (e.g., engine speed and engine load), and fuel consumption rate (Wang et al 2013;Wu et al 2012b;Zhang et al 2014). A Dekati electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI) was used to measure real-time PM emission profiles including size-resolved concentration of particle mass and number second by second (Liu et al 2011;Maricq et al 2006).…”

“…A total of 22 on-road driving modes are eventually established, including a braking mode (i.e., bin 0), an idling mode (i.e., bin 1), and 20 modes presenting cruise or acceleration driving conditions (Wu et al 2012b;Wang et al 2013). Time allocations of each on-road driving mode are compared to test cycles under low and high load mass conditions and presented in Fig.…”

“…China's government has been making great efforts to control vehicle emissions in order to improve urban air quality . Among all vehicle categories, heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) receive special attention due to their substantially higher emission factors of nitrogen oxides (NO X ) and particle matters (PM) (Wu et al 2012b), relative to those of light-duty gasoline vehicles (Wang et al 2013). In particular, diesel PM is identified as one of the mobile source air toxics and has become a major source of environmental pollution, especially in urban areas (Giechaskiel et al 2012;Maricq 2007;Song et al 2012Song et al , 2013Wu et al 2014).…”

A bid-rent land-use adaptation model for mitigating road network vulnerability and traffic emissions

“…CO emission (g CO/h) has been regarded as an important indicator for evaluating the degree of atmospheric pollution generated by vehicular traffics (Alexopoulos et al 1993;Yin and Lawphongpanich 2006;Wang et al 2013). In this paper, to investigate the relationship between network vulnerability and traffic emissions, estimation of total CO emissions from transportation networks uses the same equation that has been applied in transportation software (Wallace et al 1998):…”

The influence of street environments on fuel efficiency: insights from naturalistic driving

“…Since the 1950s, some onroad studies have used vehicles instrumented with multiple sensors to collect driving information and study the effects of different driving patterns on fuel consumption and emissions. Advanced techniques such as portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) made second-by-second emission data collection possible (Coelho et al 2009;Frey et al 2010;Wang et al 2013). Although instrumented vehicles and PEMS provided the necessary tools for studying the connections between driving behaviors and fuel use, using instrumented vehicles to study the effects of street environments on fuel consumption is challenging.…”