Realization of cereals varieties potential as a way of solving the food problem

Vasylkivskyi, S. P.; Gudzenko, V. M.; Kochmarskyi, V. S.; Kyrylenko, V. V.

doi:10.7124/feeo.v21.805

Fakt. eksp. evol. org.

1970

DOI: 10.7124/feeo.v21.805

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Realization of cereals varieties potential as a way of solving the food problem

S. P. Vasylkivskyi¹,

V. M. Gudzenko²,

V. S. Kochmarskyi³

et al.

Abstract: Aim. Constantly growing gaps between potential and actual yields as well as its variability stress the problem of development of systematic approach to realizing the crops performance potential. Methods. The paper summarizes the results of long run research (1997–2016) in domestic and foreign selection winter wheat and barley. The varieties were registered in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine in the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat and in agricultural enterprises of various ownership. The fol… Show more

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Efficiency of using of wheat-rye translocations (WRT) 1AL/1RS and 1BL/1RS in soft winter wheat breeding

Lytvynenko

Holub

Khomenko

2022

PVSandP

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Purpose. To determine the genetic effects of WRT 1AL.1RS and 1BL.1RS on the yield, plant productivity elements and quality indices of recombinant lines, to determine the effectiveness of using each of the WRT for creating more perfect varieties of soft winter wheat in these traits under soil-air drought in the steppe zone of Ukraine and development of breeding techniques to reduce the negative effects of translocation to produce genotypes with high quality indices of valuable and strong wheat grain. Methods. Field experiments, intraspecific hybridization, evaluation of breeding material in the field, methods of laboratory determination of baking quality indices of grain, electrophoresis of spare proteins, statistical. Results. Under arid conditions of the South of Ukraine on the large experimental material of breeding process, a positive effect of 1AL.1RS on the yield of recombinant lines and the main elements of plant productivity were determined, which was manifested against the background of simultaneous positive effect of this transposition on the drought and heat tolerance. The use of 1BL.1RS in wheat breeding in this region is less promising technique. It has been determined that introduction of 1AL.1RS, 1BL.1RS translocations into local gene pool of soft winter wheat by hybridization changes the grain quality indices. In particular, the protein content tends to increase more significantly under the influence of 1BL.1RS translocation. It has been shown that the frequency of obtaining recombinant lines which combine high yield and sufficient level of baking properties (not lower than valuable and strong wheat) is quite low (1,7–6,1%), but introgressive lines with 1AL.1RS have the advantages in this parameter. Using such genetic factors as hybridization combining WRT with alleles with high positive effect on baking properties, and also creating heterogeneity in the composition of genotypes with and without WRT, one can purposefully reduce the negative impact of WRT on the quality of soft winter wheat grain and create varieties with quality parameters of valuable and strong wheat. Conclusions. In general, the results achieved give reason to assert that the use of WRT 1AL.1RS is a promising direction for further breeding increase of genetic capacity of soft winter wheat varieties in the arid conditions of the South of Ukraine. As a result of full cycle of breeding process on the material with 1AL.1RS WRT a series of varieties of soft winter wheat ‘Zhytnytsia odeska’, ‘Oktava odeska’, ‘Liha odeska’, ‘Duma odeska’, ‘Versiia odeska’, providing 10 – 15% increase in yield to standards was created and included in the State Register of Ukraine and Moldova.

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Efficiency of using of wheat-rye translocations (WRT) 1AL/1RS and 1BL/1RS in soft winter wheat breeding

Lytvynenko

Holub

Khomenko

2022

PVSandP

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Methods for evaluation of wheat breeding material for drought tolerance

Pykalo¹,

Demydov²,

Yurchenko³

et al. 2020

VLUBS

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Wheat is one of the most valuable cereals on the planet and plays a leading role in the food supply of mankind. The range of wheat is very large, since it is cultivated on five continents in most countries of the world. The genetic improvement of wheat is crucial because of its direct impact on the economic development, international grain trade and food security of the country, so the relevance of research in solving many genetic-breeding problems regarding this crop is growing and acquires a qualitatively new character. The increase in productivity is the most important criterion in the cultivation of any crops, in particular wheat. Drought is one of the main limiting environmental factors that reduce plant productivity. In order to guarantee agriculture from losses in dry years, it is necessary to have varieties tolerant to moisture deficiency. That is why one of the priority areas of wheat breeding is the creation of varieties tolerant to the action of water deficiency. The success of breeding when creating drought tolerant forms largely depends on the correct assessment of the degree of their tolerance. Conducting research on the assessment of genotypes for tolerance to water stress is one of conditions for increasing efficiency of the breeding process of this culture. The results obtained in the analysis of literature data, found that for screening of wheat varieties for drought tolerance there are many methods based on different principles of action, and each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. To accelerate the breeding process and obtain reliable results, it is necessary to apply various methods of researching samples on specific signs of tolerance to stress. The choice of method largely depends on the degree of its complexity, the duration of the assessment and throughput. Therefore, the creation of new and improvement of existing methods for assessing wheat breeding material for drought tolerance in conditions of increasing water deficit or temperature increase will make it possible to objectively characterize the level of adaptability of promising genotypes and predict their behavior in appropriate environmental conditions.

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Realization of cereals varieties potential as a way of solving the food problem

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Efficiency of using of wheat-rye translocations (WRT) 1AL/1RS and 1BL/1RS in soft winter wheat breeding

Efficiency of using of wheat-rye translocations (WRT) 1AL/1RS and 1BL/1RS in soft winter wheat breeding

Methods for evaluation of wheat breeding material for drought tolerance

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