Realization of RGB colors from top‐emitting white OLED by electron beam patterning

Bodenstein, Elisabeth; Schober, Matthias; Hoffmann, M.; Metzner, Christoph; Vogel, Uwe

doi:10.1002/jsid.674

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The same microcavity approach was applied in another study on vapor-deposited OLEDs, where the thickness of a p-doped hole transporting material was modulated using electron beam lithography. [96] As an alternative to making use of microcavity effects, Joo et al recently introduced metasurfaces for selective outcoupling of narrow-band emission from white OLEDs. [97] For this, OLEDs were deposited onto reflective nanopillars and the emission spectrum was tuned by varying the pillar diameter and pitch (Figure 3f,g).…”

Section: Miniaturization and Patterningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Biomedical Applications of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Murawski

Gather

2021

Advanced Optical Materials

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As solid‐state light sources based on amorphous organic semiconductors, organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are widely used in modern smartphone displays and TVs. Due to the dramatic improvements in stability, efficiency, and brightness achieved over the last three decades, OLEDs have also become attractive light sources for compact and “imperceptible” biomedical devices that use light to probe, image, manipulate, or treat biological matter. The inherent mechanical flexibility of OLEDs and their compatibility with a wide range of substrates and geometries are of particular benefit in this context. Here, recent progress in the development and use of OLEDs for biomedical applications is reviewed. The specific requirements that this poses are described and compared to the current state of the art, in particular in terms of the brightness, patterning, stability, and encapsulation of OLEDs. Examples from several main areas are then discussed in some detail: on‐chip sensing and integration with microfluidics, wearable devices for optical monitoring, therapeutic devices, and the emerging use in neuroscience for targeted photostimulation via optogenetics. The review closes with a brief outlook on future avenues to scale the manufacturing of OLED‐based devices for biomedical use.

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Section: Miniaturization and Patterningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Biomedical Applications of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Murawski

Gather

2021

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…Then dipole emission in planar structures is considered using an electromagnetic model [12,13]. Using these developed models, various simulators are developed such as SimOLED [14,15], SET-FOS [16,17], FEM [18,19], and FDTD [20,21]. Besides these optical calculations, common layers such as HTL, ETL, EML, electrodes, and the capping layer (CPL) have been developed for TEOLED.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical status of top-emission organic light-emitting diodes

Kim

Lampande

Kwon

2021

Journal of Information Display

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Top-emission organic light-emitting diodes (TEOLEDs) that contain semi-transparent metal top cathodes and highly reflective anodes have been actively researched for display applications due to their many advantages such as their high aperture ratio, good color purity, and high efficiency. In this research, the technical design of TEOLEDs used in organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays is reviewed, covering the optical theory with the microcavity effect, optical losses, and the importance of the Purcell effect in the optical calculation. The key methodologies for addressing the high efficiency and low driving voltage of TEOLEDs are also discussed.

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“…Also utilizing active matrix thin‐film transistors can be considered, but these do not achieve the required luminance for automotive applications . Recent developments in OLED patterning for display applications focus mainly on red–green–blue (RGB) patterning of the organic layer to overcome the current limitations in RGB patterning where typically fine metal shadow masks are used . This is not in the scope of automotive OLEDs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin‐Film Electrostatic Discharge Protection for Highly Segmented OLEDs in Automotive Applications

Bechert

Almora

Regau

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

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price reduction of the OLED panels is in focus of today's OLED research [1,3,4] as well as developing further unique selling points and new functionalities for OLEDs in order to preserve the (technology-) lead in future automotive lighting systems. [5] Original equipment manufacturers (OEM) on the other hand claim for display-like lighting solutions capable of acting as communication medium to pedestrians, bike-rider, or the car owner himself before entering the car. Highly segmented OLEDs are a very promising lighting solution: they offer display-like functionality together with precisely distinguishable segment boards and a high quality offstate compared to LED based systems with light guides. [5,6] While automotive lighting requirements regarding luminance and fill factor are fulfilled by highly segmented OLEDs, the intrinsic robustness of OLEDs against electrostatic discharge (ESD) is lost due to the segmentation. An ESD rating of at least 8 kV in the human body-model (HBM) following the JEDEC standard [7] is expected by OEMs. Typically, the HBM ESD testing is performed by connecting the OLED device to a 1.5 kΩ resistance and an external capacitor of typically 200 pF in series. [7] This capacitor is loaded with a voltage of 8 kV before connecting with the OLED device (see Figure S1 in the Supporting Information); e.g., conventional OLED displays built for consumer markets usually offer an ESD rating only up to a level of around 2 kV HBM. [8,9] The higher the capacitance of the OLED device, the lower is the corresponding voltage at the OLED device. Increasing the capacitance of the OLED device, therefore, leads directly to a higher ESD stability of the device (see also Section S1). For example, OLEDs with one large lighting area offer a high capacitance due to the large surface of the OLEDs electrodes, and so a high ESD stability. For highly segmented OLEDs, the total lighting area and its corresponding anode surface is split into many small OLED segments offering only a fraction of capacitance compared to the total OLED lighting area.In this sense, higher ESD stability would require the introduction of external components to protect the small OLED segments, like it is state-of-the-art for single automotive LEDs. However, additional external components would further increase the price of an OLED panel, since each single OLED Future autonomous driving requires new lighting solutions. Communication in between other cars and pedestrians, which fulfills the requirements of the automotive lighting industry, is needed. A very promising lighting solution for this application are highly segmented organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Unfortunately, small area OLEDs are very sensitive to electrostatic discharge due to the small capacitance of the OLED segments. This study presents a solution for highly segmented OLEDs to fulfill automotive requirements regarding electrostatic discharge (ESD) without cost driving external components but through the improvement of the OLED itself. This solution is designed to be cheap a...

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Realization of RGB colors from top‐emitting white OLED by electron beam patterning

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Emerging Biomedical Applications of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Emerging Biomedical Applications of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Technical status of top-emission organic light-emitting diodes

Thin‐Film Electrostatic Discharge Protection for Highly Segmented OLEDs in Automotive Applications

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