Realizing 5G vision through Cloud RAN: technologies, challenges, and trends

Abstract

Achieving the fifth-generation (5G) vision will introduce new technology innovations and substantial changes in delivering cutting-edge applications and services in current mobile and cellular networks. The Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) concept emerged as one of the most compelling architectures to meet the requirements of the 5G vision. In essence, C-RAN provides an advanced mobile network architecture which can leverage challenging features such as network resource slicing, statistical multiplexing, energy efficiency, and high capacity. The realization of C-RAN is achieved by innovative technologies such as the software-defined networking (SDN) and the network function virtualization (NFV). While SDN technology brings the separation of the control and data planes in the playground, supporting thus advanced traffic engineering techniques such as load balancing, the NFV concept offers high flexibility by allowing network resource sharing in a dynamic way. Although SDN and NFV have many advantages, a number of challenges have to be addressed before the commercial deployment of 5G implementation. In addition, C-RAN introduces a new layer in the mobile network, denoted as the fronthaul, which is adopted from the recent research efforts in the fiber-wireless (Fi-Wi) paradigm. As the fronthaul defines a link between a baseband unit (BBU) and a remote radio unit (RRU), various technologies can be used for this purpose such as optical fibers and millimeter-wave (mm-wave) radios. In this way, several challenges are highlighted which depend on the technology used. In the light of the aforementioned remarks, this paper compiles a list of challenges and open issues of the emerging technologies that realize the C-RAN concept. Moreover, comparative insights between the current and future state of the C-RAN concept are discussed. Trends and advances of those technologies are also examined towards shedding light on the proliferation of 5G through the C-RAN concept.

Towards Energy Efficient 5G Networks Using Machine Learning: Taxonomy, Research Challenges, and Future Research Directions

“…However, with architectural change and data needs, it was difficult to perform all these functions in one place. [122]. As mentioned, to cater to large data rates and resource management, small cell technology is deployed massively with CRAN to get the heterogeneous CRAN concept [123].…”

QoS-Aware Dispersed Dynamic Mapping of Virtual Sensors in Sensor-Cloud

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Resource Allocation Combining Heuristic Matching and Particle Swarm Optimization Approaches: The Case of Downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access

“…Future 5th generation (5G) mobile networks have increased requirements in terms of connectivity, data rates, capacity, and bandwidth. Profound modifications are envisioned in the underlying infrastructure and wireless access technologies ( [1][2][3][4]) in order to accommodate the exponentially increasing number of mobile devices [5].…”