Reallocating Time to Sleep, Sedentary Behaviors, or Active Behaviors: Associations With Cardiovascular Disease Risk Biomarkers, NHANES 2005–2006

Abstract

Sleep and sedentary and active behaviors are linked to cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers, and across a 24-hour day, increasing time in 1 behavior requires decreasing time in another. We explored associations of reallocating time to sleep, sedentary behavior, or active behaviors with biomarkers. Data (n = 2,185 full sample; n = 923 fasting subanalyses) from the cross-sectional 2005-2006 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. The amounts of time spent in sedentary behavior, light-intensity activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were derived from ActiGraph accelerometry (ActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, Florida), and respondents reported their sleep duration. Isotemporal substitution modeling indicated that, independent of potential confounders and time spent in other activities, beneficial associations (P < 0.05) with cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers were associated with the reallocation of 30 minutes/day of sedentary time with equal time of either sleep (2.2% lower insulin and 2.0% lower homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function), light-intensity activity (1.9% lower triglycerides, 2.4% lower insulin, and 2.2% lower homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function), or MVPA (2.4% smaller waist circumference, 4.4% higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 8.5% lower triglycerides, 1.7% lower glucose, 10.7% lower insulin, and 9.7% higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity. These findings provide evidence that MVPA may be the most potent health-enhancing, time-dependent behavior, with additional benefit conferred from light-intensity activities and sleep duration when reallocated from sedentary time.

Objectively Measured Sedentary Time and Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control in US Hispanics/Latinos With Diabetes Mellitus: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

“…Indeed, our substitution analyses indicate that reallocation of sedentary time with LPA could have a favorable effect on reaching glycemic, HDL‐c, and triglyceride control goals. Consistently, the beneficial effects of substituting sedentary time with LPA on cardiometabolic biomarkers were also reported in 2 recent studies 43, 44. In addition, our data also suggest that reallocation of sedentary time with MVPA may help in reaching blood pressure control goals.…”

SCAPIS Pilot Study: Sitness, Fitness and Fatness— Is Sedentary Time Substitution by Physical Activity Equally Important for Everyone’s Markers of Glucose Regulation?

“…Running isotemporal substitution analyses, rather than regression modeling, has been put forward as a suitable analysis method to examine the theoretical effect of substituting one activity, for example, SED with another, for example LIPA, while keeping total time and time in other activities fixed 13 . Previous isotemporal substitution studies, including measurements of glucose regulation and/or insulin sensitivity, have found beneficial associations with SED substitution with standing 14 , LIPA [14][15][16][17] and MVPA 16,17 , respectively, in healthy individuals 14,16 and those at-risk of or with type 2 diabetes.…”

Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep

“…The major change is the integration of all movement behaviours across the 24-h period, with the most notable additions being specific recommendations regarding lightintensity physical activity and sleep duration. There is growing evidence that while not as efficacious as MVPA, light-intensity physical activity is associated with some health benefits, especially when it replaces sedentary behaviours (Buman et al 2014;Carson et al 2013bCarson et al , 2016bPoitras et al 2016;Stone and Faulkner 2014), although this area remains relatively understudied. There is also evidence of a "play movement" (Tremblay et al 2015), where activities of all intensities, especially in nature and the outdoors, have been clearly associated with improved health.…”