Reanalysis of Alzheimer’s brain sequencing data reveals absence of purported HHV6A and HHV7

Chorlton, Samuel D

doi:10.1142/s0219720020500122

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Examination of brains from AD patients failed to find HHV-6A/B DNA more often than in controls (301). Reexamination of the same data sets examined in reference 243 did not support the original conclusions about the presence of HHV-6A/B in AD brains (301,303,304). The amount of HHV-6A/B nucleic acid in diseased tissue or blood, and/or antibody levels, correlates with the severity of the disease.…”

Section: Conclusion: Hhv-6a/b and Admentioning

confidence: 92%

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Human Herpesviruses 6A and 6B in Brain Diseases: Association versus Causation

2020

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SUMMARY Human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B), collectively termed HHV-6A/B, are neurotropic viruses that permanently infect most humans from an early age. Although most people infected with these viruses appear to suffer no ill effects, the viruses are a well-established cause of encephalitis in immunocompromised patients. In this review, we summarize the evidence that the viruses may also be one trigger for febrile seizures (including febrile status epilepticus) in immunocompetent infants and children, mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, multiple sclerosis (MS), and, possibly, Alzheimer’s disease. We propose criteria for linking ubiquitous infectious agents capable of producing lifelong infection to any neurologic disease, and then we examine to what extent these criteria have been met for these viruses and these diseases.

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Section: Conclusion: Hhv-6a/b and Admentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Finally, Chorlton found numerous problems in the original analysis and demonstrated that the virus detection algorithm used by Readhead et al "likely vastly overestimates viral read counts" and "probably identifies viral reads when none are present" (304). Readhead et al challenged this conclusion (305).…”

Section: Evidence Linking Vzv With Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Herpesviruses 6A and 6B in Brain Diseases: Association versus Causation

2020

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“…Chorlton [44], on analysing the supplementary data of Readhead et al with Krak-enUniq, a method which he described as a fast yet highly sensitive method, detected no HHV7, and detected HHV6A in 13% of the samples that had been reported with the highest HHV6A abundance; 13%, as he stated, was consistent with previous research and he commented that almost all previous reports have relied on nucleic acid amplification for detection of HHV6A and HHV7, which is far more sensitive than shotgun sequencing. Further, based on Supplementary Table S2 from Readhead et al, he calculated viral prevalence based on their modified Viromescan, and found that in the main Mount Sinai Brain Bank (MSBB) dataset, HHV6A and HHV7 were detectable in 27% and 30% of 602 brain samples, respectively.…”

Section: Possible Involvement Of Hhv6 In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Overwhelming Evidence for a Major Role for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV1) in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD); Underwhelming Evidence against

Itzhaki

2021

Vaccines

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This review describes investigations of specific topics that lie within the general subject of HSV1’s role in AD/dementia, published in the last couple of years. They include studies on the following: relationship of HSV1 to AD using neural stem cells; the apparent protective effects of treatment of HSV1 infection or of VZV infection with antivirals prior to the onset of dementia; the putative involvement of VZV in AD/dementia; the possible role of human herpes virus 6 (HHV6) in AD; the seemingly reduced risk of dementia after vaccination with diverse types of vaccine, and the association shown in some vaccine studies with reduced frequency of HSV1 reactivation; anti-HSV serum antibodies supporting the linkage of HSV1 in brain with AD in APOE-ε4 carriers, and the association between APOE and cognition, and association of APOE and infection with AD/dementia. The conclusions are that there is now overwhelming evidence for HSV1’s role—probably causal—in AD, when it is present in brain of APOE-ε4 carriers, and that further investigations should be made on possible prevention of the disease by vaccination, or by prolonged antiviral treatment of HSV1 infection in APOE-ε4 carriers, before disease onset.

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“…Recent findings have confirmed a causative role of viruses of the Herpes family in AD [ 45 ] and a relevant relationship of Human Herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) and 7 (HHV-7) with the disease. However, discordant data regarding a pathogenetic link of HHV-6 and HHV-7 with AD are also on record [ 46 , 47 ]. Therefore, the association of these viruses with the disease deserves further investigation.…”

Section: Alzheimer Disease Chronic Inflammation the Amyloid-β And Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of Endogenous Retrovirus, Brain Infections and Environmental Insults in Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s Disease

Licastro

Porcellini

2021

IJMS

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Chronic neurodegenerative diseases are complex, and their pathogenesis is uncertain. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain alteration that is responsible for most dementia cases in the elderly. AD etiology is still uncertain; however, chronic neuroinflammation is a constant component of brain pathology. Infections have been associated with several neurological diseases and viruses of the Herpes family appear to be a probable cause of AD neurodegenerative alterations. Several different factors may contribute to the AD clinical progression. Exogeneous viruses or other microbes and environmental pollutants may directly induce neurodegeneration by activating brain inflammation. In this paper, we suggest that exogeneous brain insults may also activate retrotransposons and silent human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). The initial inflammation of small brain areas induced by virus infections or other brain insults may activate HERV dis-regulation that contributes to neurodegenerative mechanisms. Chronic HERV activation in turn may cause progressive neurodegeneration that thereafter merges in cognitive impairment and dementia in genetically susceptible people. Specific treatment for exogenous end endogenous pathogens and decreasing pollutant exposure may show beneficial effect in early intervention protocol to prevent the progression of cognitive deterioration in the elderly.

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Reanalysis of Alzheimer’s brain sequencing data reveals absence of purported HHV6A and HHV7

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Human Herpesviruses 6A and 6B in Brain Diseases: Association versus Causation

Human Herpesviruses 6A and 6B in Brain Diseases: Association versus Causation

Overwhelming Evidence for a Major Role for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV1) in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD); Underwhelming Evidence against

Activation of Endogenous Retrovirus, Brain Infections and Environmental Insults in Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s Disease

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