The realization of fractional quantum chemistry is presented. Adopting the integrodifferential operators of the calculus of arbitrary-order, we develop a general framework for the description of quantum nonlocal effects in the complex electronic environments. After a brief overview of the historical and fundamental aspects of the calculus of arbitrary-order, various classes of fractional Schrödinger equations are discussed and pertinent controversies and open problems around their applications to model systems are detailed. We provide a unified approach toward fractional generalization of the quantum chemical models such as Hartree-Fock and Kohn-Sham density functional theory and develop fractional variants of the fundamental molecular integrals and correlation energy. Furthermore, we offer various strategies for modeling static-and dynamic-order quantum nonlocal effects through constant-and variable-order fractional operators, respectively. Possible directions for future developments of fractional quantum chemistry are also outlined.