Reanimation of adult rats from body temperatures between 0 and +2° C

Andjus, Radoslav K.; Smith, Audrey U.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1955.sp005318

Cited by 101 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Unless otherwise stated, methods already described were used for reanimation by microwave diathermy (Andjus & Lovelock, 1955) and for rewarming in the final stages (Andjus & Smith, 1955).…”

Section: R K Andjus Technique Of Reanimaonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental rat was cooled 8 times on alternate days; B, The experimental rat was cooled 10 times during the space of 43 days. 5-10 14 1-8 It was also noted that rats reanimated for the first time, and having just resumed their heart beat and respiration, with a body temperature of 150 C (see Andjus & Smith, 1955) were not capable of spontaneous rewarming to 370 C when left at room temperature (21-23°C), and died after a few hours Fig. 3).…”

Section: Time Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suspended animation in cooled, supercooled and frozen rats

Andjus¹

1955

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Unless otherwise stated, methods already described were used for reanimation by microwave diathermy (Andjus & Lovelock, 1955) and for rewarming in the final stages (Andjus & Smith, 1955).…”

Section: R K Andjus Technique Of Reanimaonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Time Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspended animation in cooled, supercooled and frozen rats

Andjus¹

1955

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Giaja & Andjus (1949) and Andjus & Smith (1955) have used hypoxia in combination with a low environmental temperature as a method of inducing hypothermia in small mammals; the experiments described here show the rational basis for this procedure, and indicate how it should be controlled. The deprivation of oxygen should never be such as to reduce oxygen consumption below the 'basal' level corresponding to the body temperature at each moment, otherwise anoxic injury can be expected.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

The oxygen consumption of new‐born and adult mammals. Its dependence on the oxygen tension in the inspired air and on the environmental temperature

Hill¹

1959

The Journal of Physiology

219

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Infants during birth and shortly afterwards are particularly liable to suffer from hypoxia, and much research has been directed to elucidating the effects of oxygen lack in the new-born. Evidence that moderate hypoxia (15% oxygen) causes a significant reduction in oxygen consumption in human infants was first produced by Cross, Tizard & Trythall (1955; it was later reported that lambs (Acheson, Dawes & Mott, 1957), and puppies and kittens (Moore, 1956a, b), respond in a similar fashion. It thus appeared that the new-born respond differently from adults, since it was generally accepted that the oxygen consumption of an adult mammal does not fall until death due to hypoxia is imminent (in the region of 6 % oxygen). Then, in a review of the physiology of the new-born, McCance & Widdowson (1957) pointed out that adult small mammals behave in the same way as new-born animals, and not in the 'adult' manner. The situation was now confusing, since it was not clear whether it was size or maturity that determined the response to hypoxia. The present experiments were undertaken in order to make a direct comparison between new-born and adult animals of roughly the same size, and to obtain more information about the various types of response to hypoxia. A brief preliminary report of this work has been published (Hill, 1958). METHODSIn order to investigate the effect on metabolism of hypoxia, immaturity, body size and environmental temperature, an apparatus had to be devised which would measure the oxygen consumption of a single unanaesthetized small mammal, breathing gas of any chosen composition between 21 % and 5 % oxygen in nitrogen, at various environmental temperatures. Good time resolution was essential, so apparatus that would give a continuous direct record was desirable.Oxygen lies in the fact that any gas other than air must be supplied from a reservoir. Closedcircuit methods are more readily adapted to the problem in hand, since they permit much better time resolution, and easily lend themselves to graphic recording. In a closed circuit, if the C02 produced by the animal is absorbed, then the animal's oxygen consumption is indicated continuously by the amount of gas that must be added to keep the volume of the circuit constant. A closed-circuit apparatus was adopted; its essential features are: (1) The oxygen content of the circuit gas is readily and predictably varied, as required, by removing and replacing oxygen, i.e. by altering the total volume of the circuit. (2) Once the chosen oxygen level has been attained an automatic device is then used to feed oxygen into the circuit at exactly the same rate as the animal consumes it. The volume of the circuit is held constant, and thus the composition of the circuit gas is kept constant while oxygen consumption measurements are made. (3) The amount of oxygen allowed into the circuit during each minute or half minute is recorded on a kymograph, measuring the animal's rate of oxygen consumption, A02/At. (4) The need for a temperaturecontrolled room has been obviated by ...

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“…It was suggested that hypoxia/hypercapnia triggered hypothermia-protective metabolic depression during entrance into hibernation (Wasser et al, 1990;Hand and Hardewig, 1996;Boutilier, 2001). Joint action of hypothermia, hypoxia, and hypercapnia induces development of respiratory acidosis and the artificial hibernation in non-hibernating animals (Ignat'ev et al, 1989;Mel'nychuk et al, 1995) which enables their revival after cooling to body temperature at 0 À 1°C (Andjus and Smith, 1955).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxia/Hypercapnia‐Induced Adaptation Maintains Functional Capacity of Cord Blood Stem and Progenitor Cells at 4°C

Vlaški¹,

Négroni

Filipović

et al. 2014

Journal Cellular Physiology

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We analyzed the effect of exposure to hypoxic/hypercapnic (HH) gas mixture (5% O2 /9% CO2 ) on the maintenance of functional cord blood CD34(+) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in severe hypothermia (4°C) employing the physiological and proteomic approaches. Ten-day exposure to HH maintained the Day 0 (D-0) level of hematopoietic stem cells as detected in vivo on the basis of hematopoietic repopulation of immunodeficient mice-short-term scid repopulating cells (SRC). Conversely, in the atmospheric air (20% O2 /0.05% CO2 ), usual condition used for cell storage at 4°C, stem cell activity was significantly decreased. Also, HH doubled the survival of CD34(+) cells and committed progenitors (CFCs) with respect to the atmospheric air (60% vs. 30%, respectively). Improved cell maintenance in HH was associated with higher proportion of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) positive cells. Cell-protective effects are associated with an improved maintenance of the plasma and mitochondrial membrane potential and with a conversion to the glycolytic energetic state. We also showed that HH decreased apoptosis, despite a sustained ROS production and a drop of ATP amount per viable cell. The proteomic study revealed that the global protein content was better preserved in HH. This analysis identified: (i) proteins sensitive or insensitive to hypothermia irrespective of the gas phase, and (ii) proteins related to the HH cell-protective effect. Among them are some protein families known to be implicated in the prolonged survival of hibernating animals in hypothermia. These findings suggest a way to optimize short-term cell conservation without freezing.

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Reanimation of adult rats from body temperatures between 0 and +2° C

Cited by 101 publications

References 18 publications

Suspended animation in cooled, supercooled and frozen rats

Suspended animation in cooled, supercooled and frozen rats

The oxygen consumption of new‐born and adult mammals. Its dependence on the oxygen tension in the inspired air and on the environmental temperature

Hypoxia/Hypercapnia‐Induced Adaptation Maintains Functional Capacity of Cord Blood Stem and Progenitor Cells at 4°C

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