Reasons And Development Of The "Algeria Crisis". The Attempts At A Political Settlement In 1991-1995

Abstract

Algeria's domestic political environment began to change rapidly in 1989 February, after the adoption of the new Constitution, article 40 of which guaranteed the right to form political unions. This democratic process led to the legalization and further strengthening of many parties, including the Islamic. The purpose of this article is to present the socio-political developments in Algeria, which emerged as a result of the widespread Islamic movements in the country. The systemic crisis in Algeria during this period was one of the most important factors that significantly influenced the spreading of extremist Islamic ideologies in society. The Islamic movement united around the Islamic Salvation Front in a very short time and the latter became the most influential, strong Islamic organization whose primary goal was the Islamization of Algeria. In this context, special emphasis has been required on the role of the army in resolving the Algerian crisis. Due to the peculiarities of historical development, the army had a special role in the political life of the country, it was the only real force that was able to maintain the secular system established in Algeria. The attempts to resolve the economic, political, and social consequences of the armed struggle launched by the authorities against the Islamists are also studied in this article. The steps taken by the authorities and the opposition parties in the peaceful settlement of the "Algerian crisis" are considered separately. It is noteworthy that despite the fact that the supporters of the Islamization of the country were a huge and influential force, nevertheless, the authorities managed to maintain the established system of the government, preventing the further development of the Islamic extremist movements in the country.