Reasons for the Decline of Mortality in England and Wales during the Nineteenth Century

McKeown, Thomas; Record, R. G.

doi:10.2307/2173119

Cited by 138 publications

(102 citation statements)

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“…This reduction in TB-virulence is supported (according to some) from the 'observed' reduction on the average infection transmission per case. Others have claimed that reThe model duced virulence is mostly the result of a reduction on 2 the risk of progression to active-TB (McKewon and Record 1962). For recent reviews see Daniel (1997) TB is an airborne disease with a latent (noninfectious) period of months or decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Markers of Disease Evolution: The Case of Tuberculosis

Aparicio

Capurro

Castillo‐Chavez

2002

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Abrupt changes in environmental conditions -broadly understood to include demographic and social dynamics -can seriously impact the local or global dynamics of a population. These changes may occur over relatively short evolutionary time scales. In this note, we illustrate the potential impact of such shifts on the evolution ofvirulence in tuberculosis.Markers of disease evolution: the case of tuberculosis. AbstractAbrupt changes in environmental conditions-broadly understood to include demographic and social dynamics-can seriously impact the local or global dynamics of a population. These changes may occur over relatively short evolutionary time scales. In this note, we illustrate the potential impact of such shifts on the evolution of virulence in tuberculosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Markers of Disease Evolution: The Case of Tuberculosis

Aparicio

Capurro

Castillo‐Chavez

2002

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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“…In the UK, for example, the annual mortality rate from tuberculosis in the early 1940s, before anti-tuberculosis medications were discovered, fell from 500/100 000 people in the early 1700s to 50/100 000. [6] The social circumstances influencing health begin with the physical, mental and nutritional states of women during pregnancy and childbirth and continue throughout life. [7.8] Care of infants, education and nurturing of children, opportunities for further study during adolescence, and access to rewarding work are all enhanced by maternal literacy, as demonstrated in some poor countries with high levels of female literacy.…”

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confidence: 99%

The challenges of health disparities in South Africa

Benatar

2013

S Afr Med J

102

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“…In many developed countries in the twentieth century, declining TB rates preceded the discovery of a cure (Magill, 1955;Grigg, 1958;McKeown & Record, 1962;McKeown, 1976;Wilson, 1990;Davies et al, 1999;Ostry & Frank, 2010) and would (Grellet & Krause, 1983;Cronje, 1984;Edo, 1984;Caldwell, 1988;Smith, 1988;Mesa, 1989;Bates, 1992;Barnes, 1995;Johnston, 1995;Loza, 1999;Filho, 2001;Connolly, 2008;Shaw & Reeves, 2009;Armus, 2011;Arnold, 2012;Futter-Puati et al, 2014). have continued to decline even without the discovery of antibiotics (Holloway et al, 2014). All the same, antibiotic treatment for TB solidified medical authority over the disease and completed a cultural trajectory of individualization.…”

Section: History Structural Violence and Medicalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social, Historical and Cultural Dimensions of Tuberculosis

et al. 2015

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SummaryTuberculosis (TB) researchers and clinicians, by virtue of the social disease they study, are drawn into an engagement with ways of understanding illness that extend beyond the strictly biomedical model. Primers on social science concepts directly relevant to TB, however, are lacking. The particularities of TB disease mean that certain social science concepts are more relevant than others. Concepts such as structural violence can seem complicated and off-putting. Other concepts, such as gender, can seem so familiar that they are left relatively unexplored. An intimate familiarity with the social dimensions of disease is valuable, particularly for infectious diseases, because the social model is an important complement to the biomedical model. This review article offers an important introduction to a selection of concepts directly relevant to TB from health sociology, medical anthropology and social cognitive theory. The article has pedagogical utility and also serves as a useful refresher for those researchers already engaged in this genre of work. The conceptual tools of health sociology, medical anthropology and social cognitive theory offer insightful ways to examine the social, historical and cultural dimensions of public health. By recognizing cultural experience as a central force shaping human interactions with the world, TB researchers and clinicians develop a more nuanced consideration of how health, illness and medical treatment are understood, interpreted and confronted.

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Reasons for the Decline of Mortality in England and Wales during the Nineteenth Century

Cited by 138 publications

References 0 publications

Markers of Disease Evolution: The Case of Tuberculosis

Markers of Disease Evolution: The Case of Tuberculosis

The challenges of health disparities in South Africa

Social, Historical and Cultural Dimensions of Tuberculosis

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