Rebreathing and end-tidal CO2 during spontaneous breathing with the Bain circuit

Spoerel, W. E.

doi:10.1007/bf03009344

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the study ‘re‐breathing’ was defined as the presence of measurable carbon dioxide in inspired gas. The clinical importance of this definition has been criticized on the basis that normal subjects can compensate accordingly (Bain & Spoerel 1976; Byrick 1980; Spoerel 1980, 1981, 1983; Humphrey 1982; Meakin & Coats 1983). Nevertheless, it remains the standard method of ensuring adequate V f provision (Hird & Carlucci 1978b; Alexander 1982; Humphrey 1982; Meakin & Coats 1983; Campbell et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1977; Soliman & Laberge 1978; Spoerel et al. 1978; Ungerer 1978; Byrick 1980; Spoerel 1980, 1981, 1983; Humphrey 1982; Stenqvist & Sonander 1984), the modified version soon became popular in human and veterinary anaesthesia (Chu et al. 1977; Fryer 1978; Hird & Carlucci 1978a,b; Soliman & Laberge 1978; Manley & McDonell 1979a,b; Cullen 1989) particularly in cases where head access was limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of the Bain system and Uniflow universal anaesthetic breathing systems in spontaneously breathing young pigs

Almubarak

Clarke

Jackson

2005

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Bain system and Uniflow universal anaesthetic breathing systems in spontaneously breathing young pigs

Almubarak

Clarke

Jackson

2005

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A carbon dioxide monitor that does not show the waveform has value

Paloheimo

1988

J Clin Monitor Comput

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The author argues that a simple analog needle display can provide the anesthesiologist with the essential information he or she needs when monitoring carbon dioxide in the patient airway. He argues that essentially the most important information is virtually a binary, or all or none, phenomenon; in other words, carbon dioxide is either continuously present in the breathing circuit or is absent. Thus, circuit disconnects and undesirable endotracheal tube locations are readily identified. He relates the analog display of information to that of an automobile speedometer or the hands of a standard wrist watch. The author also compares analog meters with those used by pilots in aviation. He concludes with the argument that the carbon dioxide analyzer provides necessary information without the need to resort to expensive microprocessed displays that would include the waveform and trending, but would substantially increase the cost of the instrument.

show abstract

Capnography and the bain circuit II: Validation of a computer model

Beneken

Gravenstein

Lampotang

et al. 1987

J Clin Monitor Comput

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Validation of a computer model is described. The behavior of this model is compared both with mechanical ventilation of a test lung in a laboratory setup that uses a washout method and with manual ventilation. A comparison is also made with results obtained from a volunteer breathing spontaneously through a Bain circuit and with results published in the literature. This computer model is a multisegment representation of the Bain circuit and connecting tubing. For each segment, gas pressure, gas volume flow, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide are calculated for any number of breaths wanted. As a result, the time course of these variables can be generated for any location or, conversely, the carbon dioxide distribution in the system can be calculated for any time instant. A test lung, the human lungs, the ventilator bellows, and the reservoir bag are each represented by a single segment. The shapes of pressure and flow curves and of the capnograms taken at different locations in the Bain tubing are in good agreement. The washout study permits measurement of the time delay between the first expiration and the arrival of carbon dioxide at a particular location. The carbon dioxide level in the test lung decreases during inspiration and is stable during expiration. Quantitative agreement between model and experimental transport delays and carbon dioxide levels is such that the differences can be explained by the inaccuracy of the measurement. This is concluded from a sensitivity analysis. The study of the effect of segment size shows an almost optimal agreement between model behavior and experimental results for a 36-segment model. Execution of a thorough validation is imperative before such models can be used for clinical management and decision making or for teaching.

show abstract

Rebreathing and end-tidal CO2 during spontaneous breathing with the Bain circuit

Abstract: In order to examine the relationship between end-tidal C02 (FErco) and inspired C02 (Ftco ~)

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Comparison of the Bain system and Uniflow universal anaesthetic breathing systems in spontaneously breathing young pigs

Comparison of the Bain system and Uniflow universal anaesthetic breathing systems in spontaneously breathing young pigs

A carbon dioxide monitor that does not show the waveform has value

Capnography and the bain circuit II: Validation of a computer model

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About