Rebuttal related to “Traits and Stress: Keys to identify community effects of low levels of toxicants in test systems” by Liess and Beketov (2011)

Liess, Matthias; Beketov, Mikhail A.

doi:10.1007/s10646-011-0840-9

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A review of mesocosm studies regarding effects of carbamate, pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides suggested that a log TU for D. magna of −2 would be protective for individual insecticides in the field . Beside methodical (and see debate , ) reasons, the difference between the field and mesocosm studies could result from different community composition, repeated exposures, pesticide mixtures , and the joint effects of different stressors, ,,, all of which can enhance the effects of pesticides and are rarely considered in mesocosms. Moreover, chronic long-term effects on merolimnic insects occurring at concentrations related to a TU of −3 to −4 as outlined above − may not be detected in mesocosm studies, which rarely exceed a study period of several months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thresholds for the Effects of Pesticides on Invertebrate Communities and Leaf Breakdown in Stream Ecosystems

Schäfer

Ohe

Rasmussen

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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231

165

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We compiled data from eight field studies conducted between 1998 and 2010 in Europe, Siberia, and Australia to derive thresholds for the effects of pesticides on macroinvertebrate communities and the ecosystem function leaf breakdown. Dose-response models for the relationship of pesticide toxicity with the abundance of sensitive macroinvertebrate taxa showed significant differences to reference sites at 1/1000 to 1/10,000 of the median acute effect concentration (EC50) for Daphnia magna, depending on the model specification and whether forested upstream sections were present. Hence, the analysis revealed effects well below the threshold of 1/100 of the EC50 for D. magna incorporated in the European Union Uniform Principles (UP) for registration of single pesticides. Moreover, the abundances of sensitive macroinvertebrates in the communities were reduced by 27% to 61% at concentrations related to 1/100 of the EC50 for D. magna. The invertebrate leaf breakdown rate was positively linearly related to the abundance of pesticide-sensitive macroinvertebrate species in the communities, though only for two of the three countries examined. We argue that the low effect thresholds observed were not mainly because of an underestimation of field exposure or confounding factors. From the results gathered we derive that the UP threshold for single pesticides based on D. magna is not protective for field communities subject to multiple stressors, pesticide mixtures, and repeated exposures and that risk mitigation measures, such as forested landscape patches, can alleviate effects of pesticides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thresholds for the Effects of Pesticides on Invertebrate Communities and Leaf Breakdown in Stream Ecosystems

Schäfer

Ohe

Rasmussen

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

231

165

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“…Obviously, an assessment factor higher than 100 is needed to identify safe concentrations on the basis of acute test results. For the HC5 calculated on acute lethal concentrations, an assessment factor of larger than 10 is necessary (Liess and Beketov 2012 ). Additionally, in a laboratory study, chronic effects of sensitive insect species were exhibited after exposure to 0.91 ppb imidacloprid.…”

Section: Aquatic Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates

Pisa

Amaral-Rogers

Belzunces

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

761

586

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We assessed the state of knowledge regarding the effects of large-scale pollution with neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on non-target invertebrate species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. A large section of the assessment is dedicated to the state of knowledge on sublethal effects on honeybees (Apis mellifera) because this important pollinator is the most studied non-target invertebrate species. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Lumbricidae (earthworms), Apoidae sensu lato (bumblebees, solitary bees) and the section “other invertebrates” review available studies on the other terrestrial species. The sections on freshwater and marine species are rather short as little is known so far about the impact of neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on the diverse invertebrate fauna of these widely exposed habitats. For terrestrial and aquatic invertebrate species, the known effects of neonicotinoid pesticides and fipronil are described ranging from organismal toxicology and behavioural effects to population-level effects. For earthworms, freshwater and marine species, the relation of findings to regulatory risk assessment is described. Neonicotinoid insecticides exhibit very high toxicity to a wide range of invertebrates, particularly insects, and field-realistic exposure is likely to result in both lethal and a broad range of important sublethal impacts. There is a major knowledge gap regarding impacts on the grand majority of invertebrates, many of which perform essential roles enabling healthy ecosystem functioning. The data on the few non-target species on which field tests have been performed are limited by major flaws in the outdated test protocols. Despite large knowledge gaps and uncertainties, enough knowledge exists to conclude that existing levels of pollution with neonicotinoids and fipronil resulting from presently authorized uses frequently exceed the lowest observed adverse effect concentrations and are thus likely to have large-scale and wide ranging negative biological and ecological impacts on a wide range of non-target invertebrates in terrestrial, aquatic, marine and benthic habitats.

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“…Micro- and mesocosm experiments are clearly important tools for studying combined impacts of climate and toxicant stressors, although there is disagreement and ongoing debate concerning the modeling methods for analysis and interpretation of such data 90–92. Long-term ecotoxicological experiments that incorporate a realistic downscaling of future climate projections in combination with high environmental variation would enable more reliable predictions of toxicant impacts under climate change.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Research Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined and interactive effects of global climate change and toxicants on populations and communities

Moe

Schamphelaere

Clements

et al. 2013

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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286

235

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Increased temperature and other environmental effects of global climate change (GCC) have documented impacts on many species (e.g., polar bears, amphibians, coral reefs) as well as on ecosystem processes and species interactions (e.g., the timing of predator–prey interactions). A challenge for ecotoxicologists is to predict how joint effects of climatic stress and toxicants measured at the individual level (e.g., reduced survival and reproduction) will be manifested at the population level (e.g., population growth rate, extinction risk) and community level (e.g., species richness, food-web structure). The authors discuss how population- and community-level responses to toxicants under GCC are likely to be influenced by various ecological mechanisms. Stress due to GCC may reduce the potential for resistance to and recovery from toxicant exposure. Long-term toxicant exposure can result in acquired tolerance to this stressor at the population or community level, but an associated cost of tolerance may be the reduced potential for tolerance to subsequent climatic stress (or vice versa). Moreover, GCC can induce large-scale shifts in community composition, which may affect the vulnerability of communities to other stressors. Ecological modeling based on species traits (representing life-history traits, population vulnerability, sensitivity to toxicants, and sensitivity to climate change) can be a promising approach for predicting combined impacts of GCC and toxicants on populations and communities. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:49–61. © 2012 SETAC

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Rebuttal related to “Traits and Stress: Keys to identify community effects of low levels of toxicants in test systems” by Liess and Beketov (2011)

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Thresholds for the Effects of Pesticides on Invertebrate Communities and Leaf Breakdown in Stream Ecosystems

Thresholds for the Effects of Pesticides on Invertebrate Communities and Leaf Breakdown in Stream Ecosystems

Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates

Combined and interactive effects of global climate change and toxicants on populations and communities

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