Recalibrating the Department of National Defence approach to active sonar impact management

Thomson, Maj Dugald J.M.; Binder, Carolyn M.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113044

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, there are indications that they have modelled predictions of underwater noise from their sources and have compared those with the thresholds in the NMFS Technical Guidance. For example, Thomson and Binder (2021) stated that the Department of National Defence (DND) perform a rigorous modelling study based on the NMFS Technical Guidance for physical injury, as well as the behavioural disturbance criteria for naval sonar developed by the US Navy (Finneran and Jenkins 2017). However, Thomson and Binder (2021) also noted that the use of the NMFS Technical Guidance by DND extends to mitigation actions as well, as the TTS thresholds within are used to set sizes for sensor-specific mammal avoidance zones (i.e., safety zones).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying technical guidance from the USA for management of impacts of anthropogenic noise on wildlife in other countries: the Canadian context

2023

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Technical Guidance from the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service recommends Federal agencies use estimated thresholds for peak sound pressure levels and weighted cumulative sound exposure levels for the onset of permanent (and temporary) hearing threshold shifts in marine mammals. These dual metrics were developed to inform impact assessments within the U.S. legal landscape. Despite its merits, the Technical Guidance contains uncertainties due to a lack of data on marine mammal hearing and auditory response to noise, the underlying assumptions about the representative value of existing data create limitations in the applicability of the Technical Guidance. These limitations warrant consideration before it can be applied effectively in other jurisdictions with different legal standards. Using the Canadian legal framework as a working example, we found that Canadian species are under-represented in the in the dataset used for the Technical Guidance, which also does not address all relevant impact types to meet the precautionary requirements of many Canadian legal standards. Thus, the Technical Guidance alone cannot address all Canadian legal standards and, if the Guidance is incorporated, some adjustments to the criteria within may be needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying technical guidance from the USA for management of impacts of anthropogenic noise on wildlife in other countries: the Canadian context

2023

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“…Such research is being utilized to improve methods of assessing and managing the risk of harm to marine mammals due to active sonar. In Canada, there is currently a recalibration of the marine mammal mitigation (M3) strategy for testing active sonar devices (Thomson & Binder, 2021). Other allied countries currently have and use decision support tools for M3 (Blackstock et al, 2017;Donovan et al, 2017;Nordlund, Benders, & Kvadsheim, 2011;von Benda-Beckmann et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine mammal mitigation through financial risk measures and probabilistic formalism of sonar exposure

Day

2024

Preprint

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Many countries use mathematical modelling and decision aids for mitigating the risk of harm to marine mammals due to active sonar tests. A model for the distribution of harm to marine mammals due to sonar exposure is developed and risk measures from financial mathematics are used to quantify worst-case scenarios. The distribution model accounts for the spatial-temporal uncertainty in marine mammal locations and abundance, transmission loss of the sound sources, and species-specific criteria for harm. Under reasonable assumptions, a closed-form solution is found for the distribution of harm for a given marine mammal species and sonar configuration. These risk assessments would be used by planners to choose times, locations, and allowed sonar configurations when conducting sonar activities that would reduce the risk of harm to marine mammals in the area. Two applicable case studies will be presented which include an application of Koch’s spatially normalized risk measures.

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“…Defense means keeping it from changing from its original state or keeping and keeping it safe (Andayani, 2020;Marsono et al, 2018;Saragih et al, 2020). National defense is all efforts to defend the state's sovereignty, the territorial integrity of the state, and the nation's safety from threats and disturbances to the integrity of the nation and state (Gummin, 2020;Thomson & Binder, 2021;Wang, 2018). All national defense is all universal efforts, which are based on awareness of the rights and obligations of the state and belief in one's strength to defend the life of an independent, sovereign, and united Indonesian nation and state (Mantrov, 2015;Staniforth, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bakti TNI Operation as Implementation of State Defense Strategic Vision Mission

Salsabilla

Sarjito

2021

IJSSB

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Indonesia implements a total defense system where this system involves all components of the nation, which in its implementation is carried out according to their respective capabilities and capacities. one manifestation of the universal defense system is the existence of TNI Operational Service activities. As the implementation of the strategic vision, it is one of the regional development activities to create space, equipment, and harsh combat conditions to ward off threats, challenges, obstacles, and disturbances that may arise in the current strategic environmental conditions. This study aims to analyze the vision and mission of national defense and how the National Defense Strategy Policy in the Framework of Creating Tough Space, Tools and Conditions (RAK Juang) to Support National Defense. This type of research is a literature study approach where the data sources used are journals, articles, books, and other relevant sources. The results of the research are that the achievement of goals in the national defense policy, namely creating a vital fighting space, tools and conditions to support national defense, can be realized through TNI Service Operations activities which are carried out in stages, gradually and integrated with local government development programs so that they can reflect the unity of the TNI. The implementation of military operations to create a formidable battle space with physical activities has contributed to the interests of development in the context of prosperity.

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Recalibrating the Department of National Defence approach to active sonar impact management

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Applying technical guidance from the USA for management of impacts of anthropogenic noise on wildlife in other countries: the Canadian context

Applying technical guidance from the USA for management of impacts of anthropogenic noise on wildlife in other countries: the Canadian context

Marine mammal mitigation through financial risk measures and probabilistic formalism of sonar exposure

Bakti TNI Operation as Implementation of State Defense Strategic Vision Mission

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