Recall of parental behaviors in female neurotic depressives

Lamont, John; Fischoff, Stuart; Gottlieb, H

doi:10.1002/1097-4679(197610)32:4<762::aid-jclp2270320403>3.0.co;2-a

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The present study replicates previous ones in showing that individuals who are psychologically distressed report more negative early parental behaviors than do individuals who are not distressed (e.g., Blatt et al, 1979;Crook et al, 1981;Lamont et al, 1976;Lamont and Gottlieb, 1975). However, the present study is the first to provide clear evidence that naturally occurring shifts in psychological functioning are associated with shifts in evaluations of childhood family characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Psychological Distress and the Recall of Childhood Family Characteristics

Amato¹

1991

Journal of Marriage and the Family

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. National Council on Family Relations is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Marriage and Family.Theory and research suggest a link between poor relationships with parents during childhood and psychological well-being in adulthood. The present study investigated the notion that shifts in psychological state influence the reporting of early family experiences. University students completed measures of psychological distress and childhood family experiences at two points: once at the beginning of the semester and once near the end. Over this period, increases in psychological distress were associated with recalling the parental marital relationship more negatively, recalling more incidents of violence between parents and between parents and children, and recalling more economic hardship. The present findings indicate that although childhood memories are stable over time, shifts in psychological state can bring about changes in recollections of early family characteristics.A number of theories propose a link between early family experiences and depression or other psychological problems in adulthood. Psychoanalytic theory holds that parental rejection causes children to feel hostility; because these feelings cannot readily be expressed toward parents, they are directed inward, where they take the form of self-hatred or guilt (Fenichel, 1945). Attachment theory (Bowlby, 1980; Shaver and Rubenstein 1980) holds that children whose parents are rejecting or unavailable develop insecure attachments. This leads children to develop a low sense of self-worth, to see other people as generally untrustworthy and unreliable, and to experience difficulty in forming relationships later in life. Beck (1967) proposed a cognitive theory of depression based on the notion that people with a negative self-schema evaluate themselves, their environments, and the future in ways that foster depression. A negative self-schema, according to Beck, generally has its origin in critical and nonsupportive parental behaviors. Although these three theories differ in the mechanisms involved, all indicate that a problematic early family environment predisposes individuals to lowered psychological well-being in later life.Evidence for such a link comes from a large number of studies. Research typically finds that depressed individuals recall more rejecting and coercive behavior on the part of parents than do nondepressed individuals (e.g., Blatt, Wein, Chevron, and Quinlan, 1979; Crook, Raskin, and Eliot, 1981; Lamont, Fischoff, and Gottlieb, 1976; Lamont and Gottlieb, 1975; see Burbach and Borduin, 1986, for a review). And in a recent study, Amato and Booth (1991) found that a...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Psychological Distress and the Recall of Childhood Family Characteristics

Amato¹

1991

Journal of Marriage and the Family

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“…Several studies were excluded because they used samples of mixed anxiety disorder patients (e.g., Alnaes & Torgersen, 1990;Lamont et al, 1976;Parker, 1981). Most studies used DSM-III(-R) criteria (American Psychiatric Association, 1980 for diagnoses, but only a relatively small number used structured diagnostic Interviews.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agoraphobia and anxious-ambivalent attachment: An integrative review

Ruiter

IJzendoorn

1992

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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“…Similarly, representations of insecure parental attachment relationships (e.g., poor communication, alienation, lack of trust) have been linked to clinical depression in early adolescence (Armsden, McCauley, Greenberg, Burke, & Mitchell, 1990) and to depressive symptoms in a nonclinical adolescent sample (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987). Finally, studies of the childhood memories of adolescents and young adults support an association between depressive symptoms and perceptions of low levels of parental care, involvement, nurturance, support, and affection and heightened overprotection, guilt induction, overintrusiveness, and authoritarianism (Blatt, Wein, Chevron, & Quinlan, 1979;Lamont, Fischoff, & Gottlieb, 1976;Parker, 1981). Such representations may also discriminate between depression and other psychopathology (Armsden et al, 1990;Lamont et al, 1976).…”

Section: Interpersonal Cognitionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Finally, studies of the childhood memories of adolescents and young adults support an association between depressive symptoms and perceptions of low levels of parental care, involvement, nurturance, support, and affection and heightened overprotection, guilt induction, overintrusiveness, and authoritarianism (Blatt, Wein, Chevron, & Quinlan, 1979;Lamont, Fischoff, & Gottlieb, 1976;Parker, 1981). Such representations may also discriminate between depression and other psychopathology (Armsden et al, 1990;Lamont et al, 1976). There are similar findings on representations of peers.…”

Section: Interpersonal Cognitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition, competence, and coping in child and adolescent depression: Research findings, developmental concerns, therapeutic implications

1992

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Findings of the few psychotherapy outcome studies with depressed children and adolescents raise questions about whether or not treatments are sufficiently sensitive to developmental factors. Here we review the outcome data, then survey potentially relevant research on the cognitions, competencies, and coping behavior of depressed youngsters. Much of the work in each domain is both procedurally and theoretically adevelopmental, and the psychotherapy research does not appear to be well informed by research in the other domains. To help remedy this situation, for each domain we suggest key developmental questions that need to be answered, and we discuss implications for psychotherapy. We also propose a three-way partnership involving basic developmental research linked with research on relations between depression and various cognitive and behavioral processes, with both lines of inquiry informing the development and refinement of interventions.Address reprint requests to: John Weisz, Depart-derstanding can be claimed, ment of Psychology, Franz Hall, UCLA, 405 Hilgard w « begin the article with a review and Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90024-1563.critique of the thin data base on psychother-

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Recall of parental behaviors in female neurotic depressives

Cited by 28 publications

References 5 publications

Psychological Distress and the Recall of Childhood Family Characteristics

Psychological Distress and the Recall of Childhood Family Characteristics

Agoraphobia and anxious-ambivalent attachment: An integrative review

Cognition, competence, and coping in child and adolescent depression: Research findings, developmental concerns, therapeutic implications

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