Recanalization and particle exclusion after embolization of uterine arteries in sheep: a long-term study

A Preclinical Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Occlusin™ 500 Artificial Embolization Device in Sheep

“…Embosphere Ò Microspheres had a similar qualitative distribution in the uterine vasculature. This distribution of OCL 503 embolic material in the treated vasculature is very similar to that described for trisacryl gelatine microspheres (700-900 lm) by Laurent et al [3].…”

“…The localized tissue distribution observed with this product, coupled with its in situ degradation and absorption, suggests that OCL 503 may have a greater safety profile than many approved and marketed embolic devices, which can migrate to nontarget tissue or have been reported to extravasate from the target vasculature [3,14,15]. Additional work is warranted with this device.…”

Toxicity of Doxorubicin on Pig Liver After Chemoembolization with Doxorubicin-loaded Microspheres: A Pilot DNA-microarrays and Histology Study

“…As expected after a limited embolization, hepatic artery embolization with BlandMS was well-tolerated and did not cause necrosis after 1 week [7,47]. Some vascular wall remodeling was observed around BlandMS, due to the foreign body reaction common to all types of embolization particles [48][49][50][51]. Conversely, necrosis of liver parenchyma was seen after embolization with DoxMS.…”

Temperature-Sensitive poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide-Co-Butyl Methylacrylate) Nanogel as an Embolic Agent: Distribution, Durability of Vascular Occlusion, and Inflammatory Reactions in the Renal Artery of Rabbits

“…13 Another frequent reason for recanalization is extravasation of the embolic material due to vessel wall destruction. This mechanism has been described in previous reports, including embolization of human AVMs with cyanoacrylates 25 or polyvinyl alcohol particles, 26 and embolization of the animal kidney 14,27 or uterus 20 with polyvinyl alcohol particles and various microspheres. Because no vessel wall damage was observed in our study, this also contributes to the observed results.…”