Recent Advancements in Organotin(IV) Complexes as Potential Anticancer Agents

Abstract

Cancer is a multistep disease incorporating physical, chemical, environmental, metabolic and genetic factors, which play direct or indirect role in the induction and deterioration of cancer. Many of the platinum based drugs were synthesized but due to their systemic toxicity, broad spectrum of action, intrinsic and acquired drug resistivity, it has become necessary to search for the effective anticancer drugs with superior efficiency. Among non-platinum metal compounds with antitumor activity, organotin complexes have proven effective management of toxicity, specific targeted drug uptake by the cancerous cell line and significant potential in the pharmaceutical chemistry. So this article provides a critical review from 2010 onwards of the anticancer activity of the organotin complexes reported by the authors worldwide and explores the landmarks for their future projection as novel anticancer chemotypes with high therapeutic indices.

Some divalent metal(II) complexes of salicylaldehyde‐derived Schiff bases: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, antimicrobial and in vitro anticancer studies

“…The coloured Schiff base products that precipitated out on refluxing were filtered and recrystallized from cold methanol and chloroform to afford the pure products. (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) Transition metal complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions were prepared by reacting a hot methanolic solution (20 ml) of synthesized Schiff base (2 mmol) with a methanolic solution (10 ml) of metal acetate (1 mmol) with vigorous stirring for 2-3 h in a molar ratio of 2:1 at room temperature by adjusting the pH between 4 and 5 (Scheme 2). The different coloured solid complexes that precipitated out were filtered, washed with hot methanol and finally dried in hexane to afford the pure complexes.…”

“…So, transition metals of the late first row, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc, which are biologically applicable metals as they are associated with various biomolecules related to essential physiological activities, have been used for synthesis of complexes. Furthermore, a large number of transition metal complexes derived from salicylaldehyde derivatives have been prepared and tested in the past as possible antitumour agents and many of them exhibited interesting activity in specific cancer models.…”

Synthesis, characterization, thermal, computational and biological activity studies of new potential bioactive diorganotin (IV) nitrosubstitutedhydroxamates‐A comparative study

“…An extensive research interest in the rich coordination chemistry of organotin complexes has been not only due to that tin exhibits a variety of coordination numbers and geometries [1,2] but also because of their wide industrial (antifouling paints, wood preservatives and Metallo-pharmaceuticals) [3,4] and valuable biocidal applications (anti-inflammatory anti-hypertensive, anti-hyperbilirubin, antiviral, antiparasitic, antioxidant, antibiotic, cytotoxicity, antiproliferative and antimicrobial). [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Hence there is a growing need to synthesize new classes of organotin compounds and to study their bioactivityhigh activity and low toxicity in particular.…”

Synthesis, Biological Activity and QSAR Studies of Organotin(IV) and Organosilicon(IV) Complexes

“…[3,4] In this context, the coordination chemistry of organotin(IV) and organosilicon(IV) complexes of Schiff bases derived from various heterocycles has been reported to possess versatile bio activities e. g. anticonvulsant, antiproliferative, anticancer, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, tuberculostatic, anti-HIV, antifertility, anti inflammatory and antimalarial activities. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] They are also reported to act as insecticidal, acaricidal, nematicidal and herbicidal agents. In addition, Schiff base organotin(IV) and organosilicon(IV) complexes were of great interest for structural reasons as they offer a great variety of molecular architectures, leading to diverged coordination modes.…”