Recent advances in biopolymer-based hemostatic materials

Abstract

Hemorrhage is the leading cause of trauma-related deaths, in hospital and pre-hospital settings. Hemostasis is a complex mechanism that involves a cascade of clotting factors and proteins that result in the formation of a strong clot. In certain surgical and emergency situations, hemostatic agents are needed to achieve faster blood coagulation to prevent the patient from experiencing a severe hemorrhagic shock. Therefore, it is critical to consider appropriate materials and designs for hemostatic agents. Many materials have been fabricated as hemostatic agents, including synthetic and naturally derived polymers. However, compared to synthetic polymers, natural polymers or biopolymers, which include polysaccharides and polypeptides, have greater biocompatibility, biodegradability, and processibility. Thus, in this review, we focus on biopolymer-based hemostatic agents of different forms, such as powder, particles, sponges, and hydrogels. Finally, we discuss biopolymer-based hemostats currently in clinical trials and offer insight into next-generation hemostats for clinical translation.

Characterization and Analysis of Chitosan-Gelatin Composite-Based Biomaterial Effectivity as Local Hemostatic Agent: A Systematic Review

“…At both room and elevated temperatures, strong alkali solutions are used to remove N-acetyl groups during the deacetylation process. It is a natural, non-immunogenic, biodegradable, non-toxic and mucoadhesive polysaccharide that has been studied for various biomedical applications [ 50 , 51 ]. Chitosan has shown promise as a wound dressing material due to its hemostatic and antibacterial properties.…”

Intravenous Hemostats: Foundation, Targeting, and Controlled-Release

“…14 The coagulation cascade involved in secondary hemostasis is primarily activated by two pathways, the TF pathway (exogenous pathway) and the contact activation pathway (endogenous pathway), as shown in Figure 3. 15 Exogenous pathways are essential for the rapid response of platelets to vascular injury, involving a variety of coagulation factors, mainly the activation FVIIa in the blood. TF binds to FVIIa to form a TF-FVIIa complex that activates a common pathway.…”

“…Intrinsic, extrinsic, and common coagulation pathway and fibrinolysis pathway . Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2022 Oxford University Press.…”

Recent advances in the medical applications of hemostatic materials

“…Therefore, it is important to control the extent of bleeding. Cessation of bleeding from small wounds is realized through a series of events such as vasoconstriction, platelet thrombosis, and blood clotting 5 .…”