Recent advances in biosensing using magnetic glyconanoparticles

Abstract

In this critical review we discuss the most recent advances in the field of biosensing applications of magnetic glyconanoparticles. We first give an overview of the main synthetic routes to obtain magnetic-nanoparticle-carbohydrate conjugates and then we highlight their most promising applications for magnetic relaxation switching sensing, cell and pathogen detection, cell targeting and magnetic resonance imaging. We end with a critical perspective of the field, identifying the main challenges to be overcome, but also the areas where the most promising developments are likely to happen in the coming decades.

Glycan Nanobiosensors

“…It was shown that these glyco-NPs are able to selectively target specific receptors [ 61 ]. They have also been examined in glycan biosensors [ 62 , 63 , 64 ], in vivo cell imaging and targeting [ 65 ], vaccine vectors development [ 66 , 67 ], virus detection [ 68 , 69 ] and drug delivery [ 70 ]. Glyco-NPs benefit from having a large geometric surface-to-volume ratio, which means that just one NP is able to offer numerous carbohydrate moieties for the enhancement of biomolecular interactions [ 71 ].…”

“…A good overview of various routes for the modifications of AuNPs, which could then be applicable to glycan immobilization, is shown in two review papers [ 65 , 93 ].…”

“…This leads to high selectivity and a signal-to-noise ratio of a magnetic separation even in complex-sample mixtures. Additionally, it is possible to use MNPs for analyte preconcentration introduced prior to analysis itself with this step boosting the sensitivity of analyte detection [ 65 ].…”

Application of high-performance magnetic nanobeads to biological sensing devices

“…Furthermore, they are widely used for the separation of bioactive substances (e.g., proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids), blood screening, cell separation, and immunoassays [ 3 , 4 ]. For these applications, magnetic materials should be subjected to coating and conjugation with appropriate materials on the surfaces of particles [ 5 , 6 ]. With use of functionalized magnetic particles, a broad range of biosensing systems (e.g., immunoassays) for bioimaging or drug delivery have been developed [ 7 – 9 ].…”

Technobiology Paradigm in Nanomedicine: Treating Cancer with MagnetoElectric Nanoparticles

“…As a result, there have been increased interests in magnetic nanoparticle bio sensing (MNPsB). Due to the external control of the magnetic moment, MNPsB promises to enable high-specificity screening and rapid diagnostics of carcinomas(99)(100)(101)(102)(103).…”